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Modeling novel isotopic proxies of t...

Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D.

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Modeling novel isotopic proxies of the oxygenation of the earth's surface.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Modeling novel isotopic proxies of the oxygenation of the earth's surface./
Author:	Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D.
Description:	165 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6544.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International68-10B.
Subject:	Atmospheric Sciences. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3284922
ISBN:	9780549271758

Modeling novel isotopic proxies of the oxygenation of the earth's surface.
Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D.

Modeling novel isotopic proxies of the oxygenation of the earth's surface. - 165 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6544.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2007.

Tracking the evolution of the oxidation state of the Earth's surface environment has increased understanding of the biological, atmospheric, oceanic, and geological evolution of the Earth, and may allow us to broaden the search for life on extrasolar planets. In this thesis, two relatively new proxies for the evolution of the Earth's surface oxidation state are examined. Both proxies use stable isotope measurements to identify a permanent oxidation of the surface that occurred between &sim;2.4 and &sim;1.8 billion years ago (Ga).

ISBN: 9780549271758Subjects--Topical Terms:

1019179
Atmospheric Sciences.

Modeling novel isotopic proxies of the oxygenation of the earth's surface.
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100 1 $a Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D. $3 1269365
245 1 0 $a Modeling novel isotopic proxies of the oxygenation of the earth's surface.
300 $a 165 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6544.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2007.
520 $a Tracking the evolution of the oxidation state of the Earth's surface environment has increased understanding of the biological, atmospheric, oceanic, and geological evolution of the Earth, and may allow us to broaden the search for life on extrasolar planets. In this thesis, two relatively new proxies for the evolution of the Earth's surface oxidation state are examined. Both proxies use stable isotope measurements to identify a permanent oxidation of the surface that occurred between &sim;2.4 and &sim;1.8 billion years ago (Ga).
520 $a Measurements of the stable isotopes of Fe (54Fe, 56Fe, and 57Fe) in sediments demonstrate an increase in maximum 56Fe/54Fe prior to &sim;1.8 billion years ago (Ga) and an increase in the maximum and decrease in the minimum 56Fe/54Fe prior to &sim;2.3 Ga. These data have been interpreted as being the result of stepwise changes to the oxidation state of the Earth's oceans. However, the measurement of Fe isotopes has also been proposed as a way to identify a history of life in a sample, as Fe isotopes have been shown to fractionate during metabolic processes and upon complexation with organic acids. In the first two chapters of the thesis, the fractionation associated with complexation of Fe with organic ligands is modeled. Equilibrium constants are predicted for equilibrium isotope exchange for redox and ligand exchange reactions. These predictions allow comparison of these two types of fractionation and place the two proposed uses of Fe isotopes in better theoretical context.
520 $a Another novel tool for tracking the redox history of the Earth is the measurement of multiple S isotopes. In sediments younger than &sim;2.3 Ga, the fractionation of the stable S isotopes (32S, 33 S, 34S, and 36S) follows specific trends that depend on the mass of the isotopes. This behavior is classified as mass-dependent fractionation, and is witnessed for almost all known kinetic, equilibrium, and biological fractionation processes. However, sediments older than &sim;2.45 Ga do not follow this trend. As such they are said to exhibit mass-independent fractionation of Sulfur isotopes (S-MIF), a process that has been recreated in the laboratory using photolysis of SO2 using UV light. The presence of S-MIF in these older rocks is commonly accepted as evidence that atmospheric O2 concentrations permanently rose at &sim;2.4 Ga, establishing an ozone shield that shielded SO2 from UV radiation and prevented the creation of S-MIF in the lower atmosphere. Subsequent analyses have uncovered secondary features in the S-MIF record. The most notable excursion is a decline in the magnitude of S-MIF between &sim;3.2 and &sim;2.7 Ga that has been used to invalidate the aforementioned use of S-MIF to date the rise of atmospheric O2.
520 $a Chapter 3 proposes a new control on S-MIF---namely an organic haze that could have shielded SO2 from UV radiation and prevented S-MIF in an anoxic atmosphere. This is modeled with a 1-dimensional photochemical code that predicts reaction rates for photolysis of SO2. Chapter 4 examines the climatic implications of the haze and of other hydrocarbon species that would have been present in the Archean atmosphere, given the constraints placed by isotopic and other geochemical indicators. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes this work by explaining Archean trends in C, S, and Fe isotopes with a sequence of changes to the Earth's biosphere, atmosphere, and climate.
590 $a School code: 0176.
650 4 $a Atmospheric Sciences. $3 1019179
650 4 $a Biogeochemistry. $3 545717
650 4 $a Geochemistry. $3 539092
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690 $a 0725
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710 2 $a The Pennsylvania State University. $3 699896
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 68-10B.
790 $a 0176
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2007
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3284922