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The ecology of local adaptation in f...

Malenke, Jael R.

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The ecology of local adaptation in feather lice.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The ecology of local adaptation in feather lice./
Author:	Malenke, Jael R.
Description:	151 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 0792.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International69-02B.
Subject:	Biology, Ecology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3300829
ISBN:	9780549458029

The ecology of local adaptation in feather lice.
Malenke, Jael R.

The ecology of local adaptation in feather lice. - 151 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 0792.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Utah, 2008.

Parasites are among the most abundant and diverse guilds of organisms in the world. In this dissertation, I begin to examine some of the drivers of parasite diversity such as host use, competition and environmental factors. I use the bird/louse system to manipulate parasite populations, host use, and the defensive response of hosts. I also quantify characters related to parasite fitness, host specificity and geographic distribution.

ISBN: 9780549458029Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017726
Biology, Ecology.

The ecology of local adaptation in feather lice.
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020 $a 9780549458029
035 $a (UMI)AAI3300829
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100 1 $a Malenke, Jael R. $3 1262971
245 1 4 $a The ecology of local adaptation in feather lice.
300 $a 151 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 0792.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Utah, 2008.
520 $a Parasites are among the most abundant and diverse guilds of organisms in the world. In this dissertation, I begin to examine some of the drivers of parasite diversity such as host use, competition and environmental factors. I use the bird/louse system to manipulate parasite populations, host use, and the defensive response of hosts. I also quantify characters related to parasite fitness, host specificity and geographic distribution.
520 $a My experimental and comparative data show that host use has an adaptive component and is linked to genetic and morphological diversification in lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera). This is consistent with traditional theories; however, this does not address the effects of nonhost factors on parasites. I also demonstrate that co-occurring species of feather lice interact with each other through competition, and respond with changes in population size, microhabitat use and morphology. I also report data suggesting parasite competition correlates with evolutionary patterns of reduced host specificity. These results indicate that interspecific parasite competition has ecological and evolutionary effects on broad patterns of parasite natural history.
520 $a Finally, I examine the distribution of two species of lice on a single widespread host. The data show that the natural distribution of these lice is correlated with differences in mean annual relative humidity, suggesting that selection by an environmental factor restricts host use. Experimental comparisons show that differences in louse fitness are con-elated with the species-specific ability to limit water loss under stressful, arid conditions. The selective pressure of the external environment is often ignored in parasite systems, but these results link the pressure of ambient humidity to a specific physiological adaptation that determines a continent-wide pattern of louse distribution.
520 $a This work explores parasite diversity by recognizing parasite systems as ecological communities and evaluating the selective effects of a range of biotic and abiotic factors. It shows that, while the host is inherently important to parasite diversity, it is not the sole influence. Interspecific competition and external factors also contribute to parasite diversity by shaping parasite characters ranging from morphology to host specificity.
590 $a School code: 0240.
650 4 $a Biology, Ecology. $3 1017726
650 4 $a Biology, Parasitology. $3 1028974
690 $a 0329
690 $a 0718
710 2 0 $a The University of Utah. $3 1017410
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 69-02B.
790 $a 0240
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2008
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3300829