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Diversity, productivity, and stabili...

Picasso Risso, Valentin Daniel.

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Diversity, productivity, and stability in perennial polycultures used for grain, forage, and biomass production.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Diversity, productivity, and stability in perennial polycultures used for grain, forage, and biomass production./
Author:	Picasso Risso, Valentin Daniel.
Description:	136 p.
Notes:	Advisers: E. Charles Brummer; Matt Liebman.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International69-01B.
Subject:	Agriculture, Agronomy. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3291999
ISBN:	9780549406112

Diversity, productivity, and stability in perennial polycultures used for grain, forage, and biomass production.
Picasso Risso, Valentin Daniel.

Diversity, productivity, and stability in perennial polycultures used for grain, forage, and biomass production. - 136 p.

Advisers: E. Charles Brummer; Matt Liebman.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Iowa State University, 2008.

The objective of this dissertation was to determine to what extent plant species diversity affects biomass and seed productivity, weed invasion, and stability in perennial herbaceous polycultures across three years, two harvest management regimes, and two locations in central Iowa, USA. Average biomass productivity consistently increased in polycultures with increasing species richness across all environment-years. In most situations, polycultures were more productive than the average of monocultures, but not more productive than the best adapted species in monoculture for each environment. Polyculture overyielding was due to complementarity among species in the community rather than to selection effects of individual species at all richness levels across environments and was likely explained by legume-grass facilitation. Polycultures with high richness had lower variability in yield (i.e., greater stability) than the highest yielding monocultures. Seeds of two perennial grain species were harvested; intermediate wheatgrass produced up to 65.8 +/- 6.5 g m-2 of seed and Illinois bundleflower up to 55.0 +/- 8.1 g m-2. Plant breeding and better agronomic management are needed to increase these yields in the near future to be practical for production situations. The mixture comprising both perennial grains produced as much seed as the best yielding monoculture each year. Polycultures of Illinois bundleflower with C4 grasses and polycultures of intermediate wheatgrass with legumes produced as much seed as the monocultures. Weed biomass decreased exponentially with seeded species richness in all environments. Most polycultures exerted greater weed suppression than perennial grain monocultures but also they had reduced seed yields. Breeding and management of crop mixtures to optimize the trade-off between seed yield and weed suppression is a central challenge for the development of perennial polyculture systems. The dialogue between Ecology and Agriculture provides a basis for designing sustainable production systems.

ISBN: 9780549406112Subjects--Topical Terms:

1018679
Agriculture, Agronomy.

Diversity, productivity, and stability in perennial polycultures used for grain, forage, and biomass production.
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035 $a (UMI)AAI3291999
035 $a AAI3291999
040 $a UMI $c UMI
100 1 $a Picasso Risso, Valentin Daniel. $3 1262962
245 1 0 $a Diversity, productivity, and stability in perennial polycultures used for grain, forage, and biomass production.
300 $a 136 p.
500 $a Advisers: E. Charles Brummer; Matt Liebman.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-01, Section: B, page: 0003.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Iowa State University, 2008.
520 $a The objective of this dissertation was to determine to what extent plant species diversity affects biomass and seed productivity, weed invasion, and stability in perennial herbaceous polycultures across three years, two harvest management regimes, and two locations in central Iowa, USA. Average biomass productivity consistently increased in polycultures with increasing species richness across all environment-years. In most situations, polycultures were more productive than the average of monocultures, but not more productive than the best adapted species in monoculture for each environment. Polyculture overyielding was due to complementarity among species in the community rather than to selection effects of individual species at all richness levels across environments and was likely explained by legume-grass facilitation. Polycultures with high richness had lower variability in yield (i.e., greater stability) than the highest yielding monocultures. Seeds of two perennial grain species were harvested; intermediate wheatgrass produced up to 65.8 +/- 6.5 g m-2 of seed and Illinois bundleflower up to 55.0 +/- 8.1 g m-2. Plant breeding and better agronomic management are needed to increase these yields in the near future to be practical for production situations. The mixture comprising both perennial grains produced as much seed as the best yielding monoculture each year. Polycultures of Illinois bundleflower with C4 grasses and polycultures of intermediate wheatgrass with legumes produced as much seed as the monocultures. Weed biomass decreased exponentially with seeded species richness in all environments. Most polycultures exerted greater weed suppression than perennial grain monocultures but also they had reduced seed yields. Breeding and management of crop mixtures to optimize the trade-off between seed yield and weed suppression is a central challenge for the development of perennial polyculture systems. The dialogue between Ecology and Agriculture provides a basis for designing sustainable production systems.
590 $a School code: 0097.
650 4 $a Agriculture, Agronomy. $3 1018679
650 4 $a Agriculture, Plant Culture. $3 1018669
650 4 $a Biology, Ecology. $3 1017726
690 $a 0285
690 $a 0329
690 $a 0479
710 2 0 $a Iowa State University. $b Agronomy. $3 1023712
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 69-01B.
790 $a 0097
790 1 0 $a Brummer, E. Charles, $e advisor
790 1 0 $a de Laplante, Kevin $e committee member
790 1 0 $a Dixon, Philip $e committee member
790 1 0 $a Liebman, Matt, $e advisor
790 1 0 $a Wilsey, Brian $e committee member
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2008
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3291999