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The role of passive joint stiffness ...

Georgia Institute of Technology.

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The role of passive joint stiffness and active knee control in robotic leg swinging: Applications to dynamic walking.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The role of passive joint stiffness and active knee control in robotic leg swinging: Applications to dynamic walking./
Author:	Migliore, Shane A.
Description:	182 p.
Notes:	Adviser: Stephen P. DeWeerth.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International69-04B.
Subject:	Engineering, Electronics and Electrical. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoeng/servlet/advanced?query=3308800
ISBN:	9780549570349

The role of passive joint stiffness and active knee control in robotic leg swinging: Applications to dynamic walking.
Migliore, Shane A.

The role of passive joint stiffness and active knee control in robotic leg swinging: Applications to dynamic walking. - 182 p.

Adviser: Stephen P. DeWeerth.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.

The field of autonomous walking robots has been dominated by the trajectory-control approach, which rigidly dictates joint angle trajectories at the expense of both energy efficiency and stability, and the passive dynamics approach, which uses no actuators, relying instead on natural mechanical dynamics as the sole source of control. Although the passive dynamics approach is energy efficient, it lacks the ability to modify gait or adapt to disturbances. Recently, minimally actuated walkers, or dynamic walkers, have been developed that use hip or ankle actuators---knees are always passive---to regulate mechanical energy variations through the timely application of joint torque pulses. Despite the improvement minimal actuation has provided, energy efficiency remains below target values and perturbation rejection capability (i.e., stability) remains poor. In this dissertation, we develop and analyze a simplified robotic system to assess biologically inspired methods of improving energy efficiency and stability in dynamic walkers. Our system consists of a planar, dynamically swinging leg with hip and knee actuation. Neurally inspired, nonlinear oscillators provide closed-loop control without overriding the leg's natural dynamics. We first model the passive stiffness of muscles by applying stiffness components to the joints of a hip-actuated swinging leg. We then assess the effect active knee control has on unperturbed and perturbed leg swinging. Our results indicate that passive joint stiffness improves energy efficiency by reducing the actuator work required to counter gravitational torque and by promoting kinetic energy transfer between the shank and thigh. We also found that active knee control (1) is detrimental to unperturbed leg swinging because it negatively affects energy efficiency while producing minimal performance improvement and (2) is beneficial during perturbed swinging because the perturbation rejection improvement outweighs the reduction in energy efficiency. By analyzing the effects of applying passive joint stiffness and active knee control to dynamic walkers, this work helps to bridge the gap between the performance capability of trajectory-control robots and the energy-efficiency of passive dynamic robots.

ISBN: 9780549570349Subjects--Topical Terms:

626636
Engineering, Electronics and Electrical.

The role of passive joint stiffness and active knee control in robotic leg swinging: Applications to dynamic walking.
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020 $a 9780549570349
035 $a (UMI)AAI3308800
035 $a AAI3308800
040 $a UMI $c UMI
100 1 $a Migliore, Shane A. $3 1029220
245 1 4 $a The role of passive joint stiffness and active knee control in robotic leg swinging: Applications to dynamic walking.
300 $a 182 p.
500 $a Adviser: Stephen P. DeWeerth.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-04, Section: B, page: 2603.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
520 $a The field of autonomous walking robots has been dominated by the trajectory-control approach, which rigidly dictates joint angle trajectories at the expense of both energy efficiency and stability, and the passive dynamics approach, which uses no actuators, relying instead on natural mechanical dynamics as the sole source of control. Although the passive dynamics approach is energy efficient, it lacks the ability to modify gait or adapt to disturbances. Recently, minimally actuated walkers, or dynamic walkers, have been developed that use hip or ankle actuators---knees are always passive---to regulate mechanical energy variations through the timely application of joint torque pulses. Despite the improvement minimal actuation has provided, energy efficiency remains below target values and perturbation rejection capability (i.e., stability) remains poor. In this dissertation, we develop and analyze a simplified robotic system to assess biologically inspired methods of improving energy efficiency and stability in dynamic walkers. Our system consists of a planar, dynamically swinging leg with hip and knee actuation. Neurally inspired, nonlinear oscillators provide closed-loop control without overriding the leg's natural dynamics. We first model the passive stiffness of muscles by applying stiffness components to the joints of a hip-actuated swinging leg. We then assess the effect active knee control has on unperturbed and perturbed leg swinging. Our results indicate that passive joint stiffness improves energy efficiency by reducing the actuator work required to counter gravitational torque and by promoting kinetic energy transfer between the shank and thigh. We also found that active knee control (1) is detrimental to unperturbed leg swinging because it negatively affects energy efficiency while producing minimal performance improvement and (2) is beneficial during perturbed swinging because the perturbation rejection improvement outweighs the reduction in energy efficiency. By analyzing the effects of applying passive joint stiffness and active knee control to dynamic walkers, this work helps to bridge the gap between the performance capability of trajectory-control robots and the energy-efficiency of passive dynamic robots.
590 $a School code: 0078.
650 4 $a Engineering, Electronics and Electrical. $3 626636
650 4 $a Engineering, Mechanical. $3 783786
650 4 $a Engineering, Robotics. $3 1018454
690 $a 0544
690 $a 0548
690 $a 0771
710 2 $a Georgia Institute of Technology. $3 696730
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 69-04B.
790 $a 0078
790 1 0 $a DeWeerth, Stephen P., $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2008
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoeng/servlet/advanced?query=3308800