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Radiolytic hydrogen and microbial co...

Princeton University.

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Radiolytic hydrogen and microbial communities in the Witwatersrand Basin.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Radiolytic hydrogen and microbial communities in the Witwatersrand Basin./
Author:	Lin, Li-Hung.
Description:	170 p.
Notes:	Adviser: T. C. Onstott.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International64-10B.
Subject:	Biogeochemistry. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoeng/servlet/advanced?query=3110239
ISBN:	9780496577781

Radiolytic hydrogen and microbial communities in the Witwatersrand Basin.
Lin, Li-Hung.

Radiolytic hydrogen and microbial communities in the Witwatersrand Basin. - 170 p.

Adviser: T. C. Onstott.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Princeton University, 2004.

The goal of this thesis was to examine the potential of natural radiolysis for abundant H2 and the distribution of microbial communities in the deep continental crust. The theoretical prediction was made to quantify the accumulated radiolytic H2 and radiogenic He for the Witwatersrand Basin and compared with the measurements for fracture water collected at depths from 0.7 to 3.5 km. The prediction agreed well with the measured data corrected for the diffusive loss and the consumption by abiotic hydrocarbon formation. Experiments were performed to measure the yields and deltaD values of radiolytic H2 in the laboratory. The deltaD values of radiolytic H 2 ranged from -490 to -540&permil; and were independent from Cl- and O2 contents, H2 yields, absorbed dosages and pH (except for pH of 4). The calculation for the exchange of deuterium between H2 and H2O at various temperatures and dosage rates suggests that the deltaD as an indicator for natural radiolysis can only be applied to the groundwater with a residence time less than 1 Ma. The molecular techniques for 16S rRNA genes and geochemical approaches were employed to examine the distribution and potential function of microbial communities at various depth ranges. One RFLP type with a sequence affiliated with a Desulfotomaculum strain was found to dominate at least 90% of the clone libraries for fracture water at 2.825 kmbls of Mponeng mine during two-month observation and did not appear in the clone library for mine service water. The depleted delta34S of dissolved sulfide when compared to that of sulfate suggests that this sequence may represent an indigenous Desulfotomaculum relative that persists in the fracture water by reduction of sulfate. The 16S rDNA analyses for the groundwater at depths from 0.7 to 1.4 km in Beatrix mine exhibited diverse and heterogeneous community structures across several phyla of bacterial and archaeal domains. The presence of 16S rDNA sequences was generally consistent with estimates of the available free energy. Inconsistent results occurred for some samples where biogenic isotopic signatures were not correlated with the presence of sequences corresponding to the sulfate reduction and methanogensis.

ISBN: 9780496577781Subjects--Topical Terms:

545717
Biogeochemistry.

Radiolytic hydrogen and microbial communities in the Witwatersrand Basin.
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005 20100712
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020 $a 9780496577781
035 $a (UMI)AAI3110239
035 $a AAI3110239
040 $a UMI $c UMI
100 1 $a Lin, Li-Hung. $3 1025134
245 1 0 $a Radiolytic hydrogen and microbial communities in the Witwatersrand Basin.
300 $a 170 p.
500 $a Adviser: T. C. Onstott.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-10, Section: B, page: 4825.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Princeton University, 2004.
520 $a The goal of this thesis was to examine the potential of natural radiolysis for abundant H2 and the distribution of microbial communities in the deep continental crust. The theoretical prediction was made to quantify the accumulated radiolytic H2 and radiogenic He for the Witwatersrand Basin and compared with the measurements for fracture water collected at depths from 0.7 to 3.5 km. The prediction agreed well with the measured data corrected for the diffusive loss and the consumption by abiotic hydrocarbon formation. Experiments were performed to measure the yields and deltaD values of radiolytic H2 in the laboratory. The deltaD values of radiolytic H 2 ranged from -490 to -540&permil; and were independent from Cl- and O2 contents, H2 yields, absorbed dosages and pH (except for pH of 4). The calculation for the exchange of deuterium between H2 and H2O at various temperatures and dosage rates suggests that the deltaD as an indicator for natural radiolysis can only be applied to the groundwater with a residence time less than 1 Ma. The molecular techniques for 16S rRNA genes and geochemical approaches were employed to examine the distribution and potential function of microbial communities at various depth ranges. One RFLP type with a sequence affiliated with a Desulfotomaculum strain was found to dominate at least 90% of the clone libraries for fracture water at 2.825 kmbls of Mponeng mine during two-month observation and did not appear in the clone library for mine service water. The depleted delta34S of dissolved sulfide when compared to that of sulfate suggests that this sequence may represent an indigenous Desulfotomaculum relative that persists in the fracture water by reduction of sulfate. The 16S rDNA analyses for the groundwater at depths from 0.7 to 1.4 km in Beatrix mine exhibited diverse and heterogeneous community structures across several phyla of bacterial and archaeal domains. The presence of 16S rDNA sequences was generally consistent with estimates of the available free energy. Inconsistent results occurred for some samples where biogenic isotopic signatures were not correlated with the presence of sequences corresponding to the sulfate reduction and methanogensis.
590 $a School code: 0181.
650 4 $a Biogeochemistry. $3 545717
650 4 $a Biology, Microbiology. $3 1017734
690 $a 0410
690 $a 0425
710 2 $a Princeton University. $3 645579
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 64-10B.
790 $a 0181
790 1 0 $a Onstott, T. C., $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2004
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoeng/servlet/advanced?query=3110239