東華大學圖書館 |

Early Neurodevelopmental Trajectories Underlying Typical and Atypical Behavioral Development /

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Early Neurodevelopmental Trajectories Underlying Typical and Atypical Behavioral Development // Lauren Elizabeth Wagner.
作者:	Wagner, Lauren Elizabeth,
面頁冊數:	1 electronic resource (261 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-09, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-09B.
標題:	Neurosciences. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31846651
ISBN:	9798310144903

Early Neurodevelopmental Trajectories Underlying Typical and Atypical Behavioral Development /
Wagner, Lauren Elizabeth,

Early Neurodevelopmental Trajectories Underlying Typical and Atypical Behavioral Development /Lauren Elizabeth Wagner. - 1 electronic resource (261 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-09, Section: B.

Infancy is an incredibly dynamic stage of human brain and behavioral development, with consequential and far-reaching influences on future cognitive, social, and linguistic skills. Early alterations in behavioral trajectories are present in infants who are later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as well as developmental language delay. Both are common in the general population, but earlier interventions are more effective for mitigating the long-term consequences of altered development. This dissertation aims to advance our understanding of how early neural function supports positive behavioral outcomes, as well as how early individual differences may lead to the progression of neurodevelopmental conditions such as ASD and language delay. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to the subsequent chapters in this dissertation. Chapter 2 presents data on the early-life differences in thalamocortical functional connectivity in infants at varying familial likelihood for autism. This study also examined associations between early thalamic connectivity and emerging symptoms of sensory over-responsivity (SOR), a prevalent and impairing symptom in ASD. Infants at high likelihood (HL) for autism showed thalamo-limbic hyperconnectivity at 1.5 months of age, and hypoconnectivity between the thalamus and prefrontal regions at 9 months. Connectivity was significantly associated with SOR at 6 months, with more SOR symptoms associated with stronger thalamic connectivity with subcortical and primary sensory regions that came at the direct expense of thalamic connectivity with prefrontal and default mode areas. These patterns suggest early differences in thalamic gating that could directly underlie atypical sensory processing and attention to social vs. nonsocial stimuli observed in ASD. Chapter 3 describes a study that utilized a stimulus-evoked fMRI paradigm to examine differences in native and novel natural language processing in 9-month-old HL infants as well as infants at typical likelihood (TL) for autism. Compared to TL infants, HL infants showed diminished neural responses to speech, especially in left temporal language areas, and, importantly, failed to discriminate native from novel speech at the neural level. Interestingly, the cerebellum was the region where the TL infants exhibited this novelty response, highlighting the importance of this structure in early language acquisition. A further a priori analysis of language regions showed that HL infants displayed atypical lateralization during speech processing, suggesting delays in normative left lateralization for language and informing a better understanding of the neurodevelopmental underpinnings of language delay in ASD. Chapter 4 presents results from a study that used longitudinal resting-state data from the Baby Connectome Project to chart maturational changes during infancy, and alterations associated with language delay, across the brain's language network. Throughout infancy, the language network showed patterns of increasing functional specialization and synchrony across various functional modules. A subsample of infants with delayed language trajectories was identified using a data-driven clustering approach, and this group was characterized by several differences in language network connectivity. Importantly, connectivity strength with several language regions reliably predicted later language measures across several different assessments. Chapter 5 details the results of a literature review that focused on the cerebellum's role in early non-motor neurobehavioral development in infancy and early toddlerhood, as informed by magnetic resonance (MR) literature. We find several common trends across volumetric, diffusion-weighted, functional, and spectroscopic MR modalities, supporting the notion that the cerebellum should be considered a structure of much greater interest amongst developmental neuroscientists. Together, these studies improve our understanding of early brain maturation in typical development, as well as how early disruptions in brain function may lead to the emergence of ASD symptoms and language delay, identifying several potential neural targets for clinical investigation.

English

ISBN: 9798310144903Subjects--Topical Terms:

588700
Neurosciences.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Autism

Early Neurodevelopmental Trajectories Underlying Typical and Atypical Behavioral Development /
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