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2-D Modeling and Simulation of Ozone...

Alelmi, Ibraheem,

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2-D Modeling and Simulation of Ozone Distribution, Depletion, and Holes /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	2-D Modeling and Simulation of Ozone Distribution, Depletion, and Holes // Ibraheem Alelmi.
Author:	Alelmi, Ibraheem,
Description:	1 electronic resource (224 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-11B.
Subject:	Engineering. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31240423
ISBN:	9798382596822

2-D Modeling and Simulation of Ozone Distribution, Depletion, and Holes /
Alelmi, Ibraheem,

2-D Modeling and Simulation of Ozone Distribution, Depletion, and Holes /Ibraheem Alelmi. - 1 electronic resource (224 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.

This dissertation presents a systematic engineering system approach to modeling and analyzing the complex dynamics of stratospheric ozone. A 2-D cylindrical model that incorporates mass balance calculations, convection, diffusion, and all fourteen photolysis, ozone-generating, and ozone-depleting chemical reactions was developed, validated, and extensively tested. The model accurately reproduces ozone concentrations, profiles, and peak values observed in the stratosphere, with less than 1% deviation from measured data for average concentrations and within 14% deviation for distributions at the equator, and less than 19% deviation at higher latitudes such as 60°S. Investigation into latitudinal variations revealed significant shifts in peak ozone concentrations attributed to solar radiation intensity and latitudinal positioning. For instance, at the equator, peak ozone concentrations reached 9.41 ppm at an altitude of 30 km in the mid-stratosphere, while at 40°S the peak concentration was 7.81 ppm at 34.5 km altitude, and at the South Pole it decreased to 5.78 ppm at 39 km altitude. Furthermore, total ozone abundances at the strategic latitudes of 0°S, 20°S, 40°S, 60°S, and 90°S remained relatively stable, ranging from 305 DU to 335 DU, except for a smaller value of 288 DU at the South Pole. Monthly evolution analysis provided insights into seasonal variations, with calculated values closely matching measured data. Exploration of the influence of slow air movement in both vertical and radial directions highlighted its impact on ozone distribution, with variations in wind speed correlating with shifts in ozone concentration profiles. Parametric studies on mass diffusivities of ozone (DO3) and active atomic oxygen gases (DO) elucidated their roles in shaping ozone distribution, with atomic oxygen diffusivity (DO) identified as a critical factor due to its higher sensitivity compared to ozone diffusivity (DO3). Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that chlorine exhibits higher sensitivity when compared to other ozone-depleting chemicals in the stratosphere, particularly under conditions of equal concentration for chlorine (Cl), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and bromine (Br). Specific reactions within each chemical cycle stand out as particularly impactful. Notably, in the chlorine cycle, the reaction rate constant for Cl reacting with ozone (O₃) to form chlorine monoxide (ClO) and oxygen (O₂) (K4) is particularly impactful. Similarly, within the NOx cycle, the reaction rate constant for the reaction involving nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) reacting with ozone to produce nitric oxide (NO) and molecular oxygen (O₂) (K11) is significant. In the bromine cycle, the reaction rate constant contributing to bromine's ozone-depleting effects (K14) plays a crucial role. Furthermore, the study found that Cl-induced alterations in atomic oxygen distribution lowered the peak concentration, particularly between 25 and 30 km altitude, aligning with the peak concentration of Cl. These insights offer valuable contributions to understanding ozone behavior and underscore the importance of integrated modeling approaches in addressing environmental challenges. In conclusion, the 2-D ozone model developed in this dissertation emerges as a robust, convenient, efficient, and executable tool for analyzing complex ozone phenomena in the stratosphere that contributes significantly to our understanding of stratospheric ozone and its depletion.

English

ISBN: 9798382596822Subjects--Topical Terms:

586835
Engineering.
Subjects--Index Terms:

2-D model

2-D Modeling and Simulation of Ozone Distribution, Depletion, and Holes /
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245 1 0 $a 2-D Modeling and Simulation of Ozone Distribution, Depletion, and Holes / $c Ibraheem Alelmi.
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502 $b Ph.D. $c The Catholic University of America $d 2024.
520 $a This dissertation presents a systematic engineering system approach to modeling and analyzing the complex dynamics of stratospheric ozone. A 2-D cylindrical model that incorporates mass balance calculations, convection, diffusion, and all fourteen photolysis, ozone-generating, and ozone-depleting chemical reactions was developed, validated, and extensively tested. The model accurately reproduces ozone concentrations, profiles, and peak values observed in the stratosphere, with less than 1% deviation from measured data for average concentrations and within 14% deviation for distributions at the equator, and less than 19% deviation at higher latitudes such as 60°S. Investigation into latitudinal variations revealed significant shifts in peak ozone concentrations attributed to solar radiation intensity and latitudinal positioning. For instance, at the equator, peak ozone concentrations reached 9.41 ppm at an altitude of 30 km in the mid-stratosphere, while at 40°S the peak concentration was 7.81 ppm at 34.5 km altitude, and at the South Pole it decreased to 5.78 ppm at 39 km altitude. Furthermore, total ozone abundances at the strategic latitudes of 0°S, 20°S, 40°S, 60°S, and 90°S remained relatively stable, ranging from 305 DU to 335 DU, except for a smaller value of 288 DU at the South Pole. Monthly evolution analysis provided insights into seasonal variations, with calculated values closely matching measured data. Exploration of the influence of slow air movement in both vertical and radial directions highlighted its impact on ozone distribution, with variations in wind speed correlating with shifts in ozone concentration profiles. Parametric studies on mass diffusivities of ozone (DO3) and active atomic oxygen gases (DO) elucidated their roles in shaping ozone distribution, with atomic oxygen diffusivity (DO) identified as a critical factor due to its higher sensitivity compared to ozone diffusivity (DO3). Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that chlorine exhibits higher sensitivity when compared to other ozone-depleting chemicals in the stratosphere, particularly under conditions of equal concentration for chlorine (Cl), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and bromine (Br). Specific reactions within each chemical cycle stand out as particularly impactful. Notably, in the chlorine cycle, the reaction rate constant for Cl reacting with ozone (O₃) to form chlorine monoxide (ClO) and oxygen (O₂) (K4) is particularly impactful. Similarly, within the NOx cycle, the reaction rate constant for the reaction involving nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) reacting with ozone to produce nitric oxide (NO) and molecular oxygen (O₂) (K11) is significant. In the bromine cycle, the reaction rate constant contributing to bromine's ozone-depleting effects (K14) plays a crucial role. Furthermore, the study found that Cl-induced alterations in atomic oxygen distribution lowered the peak concentration, particularly between 25 and 30 km altitude, aligning with the peak concentration of Cl. These insights offer valuable contributions to understanding ozone behavior and underscore the importance of integrated modeling approaches in addressing environmental challenges. In conclusion, the 2-D ozone model developed in this dissertation emerges as a robust, convenient, efficient, and executable tool for analyzing complex ozone phenomena in the stratosphere that contributes significantly to our understanding of stratospheric ozone and its depletion.
546 $a English
590 $a School code: 0043
650 4 $a Engineering. $3 586835
650 4 $a Atmospheric chemistry. $3 544140
650 4 $a Computer science. $3 523869
650 4 $a Mechanical engineering. $3 649730
653 $a 2-D model
653 $a Convection diffusion reaction
653 $a Latitudinal changes
653 $a Ozone-depleting reactions
653 $a Sensitivity analysis
653 $a Stratospheric ozone
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690 $a 0984
690 $a 0548
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710 2 $a The Catholic University of America. $b Mechanical Engineering. $e degree granting institution. $3 3824724
720 1 $a Nieh, Sen $e degree supervisor.
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 85-11B.
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791 $a Ph.D.
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856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31240423