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Natural and Anthropogenic Controls o...

Molino, Grace Damore,

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Natural and Anthropogenic Controls on Marsh Migration in the Chesapeake Bay /

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Natural and Anthropogenic Controls on Marsh Migration in the Chesapeake Bay // Grace Damore Molino.
作者:	Molino, Grace Damore,
面頁冊數:	1 electronic resource (196 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-11B.
標題:	Marine geology. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=32001038
ISBN:	9798314872550

Natural and Anthropogenic Controls on Marsh Migration in the Chesapeake Bay /
Molino, Grace Damore,

Natural and Anthropogenic Controls on Marsh Migration in the Chesapeake Bay /Grace Damore Molino. - 1 electronic resource (196 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.

Sea-level driven saltwater intrusion has led to widespread land use change throughout the coastal zone. Ecosystem and human responses to increasing inundation interact to create a dynamic landscape reflective of these interactions. The increased rate at which saltwater is moving inland has prompted global assessments of where sea level rise is already affecting coastal communities and predictions of future vulnerability. This dissertation presents four chapters that zoom in to examine the drivers of and controls on sea-level driven upland conversion to marsh around the Chesapeake Bay - and how the use of a higher-resolution lens effects our interpretation of the results. Along the United States coastline, there is substantial interest in quantifying how much land has the potential to convert to marsh with increasing inundation, thereby compensating for the loss of marshes at the seaward edge which are drowning under higher rates of sea level rise. Marsh areal extent has serious implications for essential ecosystem services, such as critical habitat, storm surge buffering, and carbon sequestration. In the Chesapeake Bay region, we find spatial variation in regional marsh migration projections is driven by local topographic variability, not land use, suggesting that lateral migration can compensate for marsh loss (Chapter 1). Much of this compensation occurs at the expense of forests and forested wetlands. These findings challenge the assumption that coastal development will prohibit marsh migration, resulting in coastal squeeze and the extensive loss of marsh area. The projections in this first chapter were based on a high-resolution delineation of the marsh-forest boundary as a starting point for sea-level driven land conversion. Where this boundary sits within the elevation gradient of each watershed that comprises the Chesapeake Bay is highly variable, which we use as a proxy for drivers of coastal forest retreat. Using a linear model, we find that coastal treeline elevations increase with tidal range, salinity, and slope, but local factors ultimately mediate estuary-scale coastal forest response to sea level rise (Chapter 2). Marsh-forest boundary elevations deviate strongly from tidal datums which means conventional methods of sea level rise projections may mis-represent future land conversion, especially localized predictions. Most models of sea level rise-driven land conversion remove developed land uses, assuming that they will be defended by coastal communities. We examined the effectiveness of small, earthen levees built by private landowners in the Chesapeake Bay to defend their land from inundation and find that this local flood defense method is pervasive in the landscape and may be hastening degradation of marshes which have migrated past them (Chapter 3). Wetland protection legislation enacted in the 1970s has limited the actions landowners can take to defend their property from sea level rise. As a result, recent decades have seen a rise in impoundments built on salt-impacted agricultural fields which take advantage of habitat restoration incentives and provide an alternative land use when rising salinity limits crop success. The spatial and temporal distribution of impoundments installed on private land around the Chesapeake Bay reflect the influence of state-level priorities and the role of policy in dictating the direction of future land use change (Chapter 4).

English

ISBN: 9798314872550Subjects--Topical Terms:

3173821
Marine geology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Coastal geomorphology

Natural and Anthropogenic Controls on Marsh Migration in the Chesapeake Bay /
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