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Effects of Accelerated Aging on Strength and Flexibility of Four Resins 3D-Printed to Simulate Orthodontic Lingual Retainers /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Effects of Accelerated Aging on Strength and Flexibility of Four Resins 3D-Printed to Simulate Orthodontic Lingual Retainers // Blake L Tollison.
Author:	Tollison, Blake L.,
Description:	1 electronic resource (61 pages)
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International86-02.
Subject:	Dentistry. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31489209
ISBN:	9798383585474

Effects of Accelerated Aging on Strength and Flexibility of Four Resins 3D-Printed to Simulate Orthodontic Lingual Retainers /
Tollison, Blake L.,

Effects of Accelerated Aging on Strength and Flexibility of Four Resins 3D-Printed to Simulate Orthodontic Lingual Retainers /Blake L Tollison. - 1 electronic resource (61 pages)

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02.

OBJECTIVE: Orthodontists are now faced with countless areas in which they can provide custom-made appliances for their patients. With the improvement of in-house additive manufacturing and resin designed for the direct production of appliances, custom printing a bonded lower lingual retainer has been suggested. Without a resin specifically marketed for this use, many categories of resins have been suggested as suitable off-label alternatives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of accelerated aging on the flexural mechanical properties of four resins proposed to be utilized in the fabrication of 3D-printed orthodontic bonded retainers.MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty, 3D-printed samples were fabricated and processed following manufacturer's instructions utilizing a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer (SprintRay Pro 95S; SprintRay Inc.). The four resins chosen were a ceramic-filled hybrid (SprintRay Crown; BEGO, USA), a nanoceramic restorative resin for denture teeth (SprintRay OnX; SprintRay Inc.), a hybrid ceramic resin with NanoFusionTM for dental prosthetics (SprintRay OnX Tough; SprintRay Inc.), and a restorative resin for denture teeth (DENTCA, denture teeth; Dentca Inc.). All resins chosen were validated for use on the printer and printed vertically in 100-micron layer height. Forty samples were utilized per resin type, twenty for the aged group and twenty for the non-aged group. To reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed to actual end-use environments, artificial aging was accomplished using a flatbed xenon lamp weathering test machine (Suntest XXL Plus; Atlas Material Testing Technology LLC, Mount Prospect, IL, USA). The instrument was programmed to expose the respective samples (n = 20 per resin) to light/dark and wet/dry cycles in accordance with conditions set forth in ISO Standard 4892-2:2006 to a total dosage of 450 kJ/m2.ISO 4049:2019 was followed to conduct a 3-point bend flexural test using a universal testing machine (4465 Instron, Norwood, MA, USA). All samples were tested by a single operator in a randomized order on the same machine and jig. The mechanical testing data (peak flexural stress and flexural modulus of elasticity) was evaluated using the universal testing software (Bluehill Universal, Instron; Norwood, MA, USA). The force raw data was exported, and the resultant peak flexural stress and flexural modulus of elasticity were calculated (Microsoft Excel).Generalized linear models with post-hoc Tukey contrasts were applied to compare differences in the response variables (peak flexural stress and modulus of elasticity) among the explanatory variables (material and aging) when warranted (α = 0.05). R statistical software was utilized to analyze the data (R Core Team, 2022).RESULTS: Artificial aging produced a statistically significant decrease in a 3D-printed resin's peak flexural stress among groups. An interaction effect was found between material and response to aging in a material's modulus of elasticity. The nanoceramic restorative resin for denture teeth (SprintRay OnX; SprintRay Inc.) and the ceramic-filled hybrid (SprintRay Crown; BEGO, USA) had among the lowest peak flexural stress as well as highest flexural modulus of elasticity among the four resins tested. The hybrid ceramic resin with NanoFusionTM for dental prosthetics (SprintRay OnX Tough; SprintRay Inc.) was among the resins with the lowest peak flexural stress, but also among the lowest flexural modulus of elasticity. The restorative resin for denture teeth (DENTCA, denture teeth; Dentca Inc.) was the least affected by artificial aging and the highest peak flexural stress and among the lowest flexural modulus of elasticity of all four resins tested.CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that artificial aging produces a statistically significant decrease in a 3D-printed resin's peak flexural stress. The restorative resin for denture teeth (DENTCA, denture teeth; Dentca Inc.) was the most favorable resin to investigate further for use in 3D-printing a bonded lingual retainer. Further in vitro and in vivo investigation is warranted prior to widespread, long-term application of 3D-printed resin-bonded lingual retainers.

English

ISBN: 9798383585474Subjects--Topical Terms:

828971
Dentistry.
Subjects--Index Terms:

3D-printed

Effects of Accelerated Aging on Strength and Flexibility of Four Resins 3D-Printed to Simulate Orthodontic Lingual Retainers /
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520 $a OBJECTIVE: Orthodontists are now faced with countless areas in which they can provide custom-made appliances for their patients. With the improvement of in-house additive manufacturing and resin designed for the direct production of appliances, custom printing a bonded lower lingual retainer has been suggested. Without a resin specifically marketed for this use, many categories of resins have been suggested as suitable off-label alternatives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of accelerated aging on the flexural mechanical properties of four resins proposed to be utilized in the fabrication of 3D-printed orthodontic bonded retainers.MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty, 3D-printed samples were fabricated and processed following manufacturer's instructions utilizing a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer (SprintRay Pro 95S; SprintRay Inc.). The four resins chosen were a ceramic-filled hybrid (SprintRay Crown; BEGO, USA), a nanoceramic restorative resin for denture teeth (SprintRay OnX; SprintRay Inc.), a hybrid ceramic resin with NanoFusionTM for dental prosthetics (SprintRay OnX Tough; SprintRay Inc.), and a restorative resin for denture teeth (DENTCA, denture teeth; Dentca Inc.). All resins chosen were validated for use on the printer and printed vertically in 100-micron layer height. Forty samples were utilized per resin type, twenty for the aged group and twenty for the non-aged group. To reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed to actual end-use environments, artificial aging was accomplished using a flatbed xenon lamp weathering test machine (Suntest XXL Plus; Atlas Material Testing Technology LLC, Mount Prospect, IL, USA). The instrument was programmed to expose the respective samples (n = 20 per resin) to light/dark and wet/dry cycles in accordance with conditions set forth in ISO Standard 4892-2:2006 to a total dosage of 450 kJ/m2.ISO 4049:2019 was followed to conduct a 3-point bend flexural test using a universal testing machine (4465 Instron, Norwood, MA, USA). All samples were tested by a single operator in a randomized order on the same machine and jig. The mechanical testing data (peak flexural stress and flexural modulus of elasticity) was evaluated using the universal testing software (Bluehill Universal, Instron; Norwood, MA, USA). The force raw data was exported, and the resultant peak flexural stress and flexural modulus of elasticity were calculated (Microsoft Excel).Generalized linear models with post-hoc Tukey contrasts were applied to compare differences in the response variables (peak flexural stress and modulus of elasticity) among the explanatory variables (material and aging) when warranted (α = 0.05). R statistical software was utilized to analyze the data (R Core Team, 2022).RESULTS: Artificial aging produced a statistically significant decrease in a 3D-printed resin's peak flexural stress among groups. An interaction effect was found between material and response to aging in a material's modulus of elasticity. The nanoceramic restorative resin for denture teeth (SprintRay OnX; SprintRay Inc.) and the ceramic-filled hybrid (SprintRay Crown; BEGO, USA) had among the lowest peak flexural stress as well as highest flexural modulus of elasticity among the four resins tested. The hybrid ceramic resin with NanoFusionTM for dental prosthetics (SprintRay OnX Tough; SprintRay Inc.) was among the resins with the lowest peak flexural stress, but also among the lowest flexural modulus of elasticity. The restorative resin for denture teeth (DENTCA, denture teeth; Dentca Inc.) was the least affected by artificial aging and the highest peak flexural stress and among the lowest flexural modulus of elasticity of all four resins tested.CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that artificial aging produces a statistically significant decrease in a 3D-printed resin's peak flexural stress. The restorative resin for denture teeth (DENTCA, denture teeth; Dentca Inc.) was the most favorable resin to investigate further for use in 3D-printing a bonded lingual retainer. Further in vitro and in vivo investigation is warranted prior to widespread, long-term application of 3D-printed resin-bonded lingual retainers.
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