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Dietary Fat-Induced Perturbations in...

Omaliko, Paul Chigozie,

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Dietary Fat-Induced Perturbations in Brain Metabolite Profiles Influence Fear Response and Gut Neurotransmitter Concentrations in Chickens /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Dietary Fat-Induced Perturbations in Brain Metabolite Profiles Influence Fear Response and Gut Neurotransmitter Concentrations in Chickens // Paul Chigozie Omaliko.
Author:	Omaliko, Paul Chigozie,
Description:	1 electronic resource (147 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-02B.
Subject:	Animal sciences. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31485836
ISBN:	9798383699881

Dietary Fat-Induced Perturbations in Brain Metabolite Profiles Influence Fear Response and Gut Neurotransmitter Concentrations in Chickens /
Omaliko, Paul Chigozie,

Dietary Fat-Induced Perturbations in Brain Metabolite Profiles Influence Fear Response and Gut Neurotransmitter Concentrations in Chickens /Paul Chigozie Omaliko. - 1 electronic resource (147 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.

The broiler chicken industry is among the largest animal production industries in the world and dietary fat represents a major source of energy in broiler diets. Dietary nutrients can alter the composition of the gut microbiota and consequently the production of their metabolites. Gut microbes differentially ferment different fat types in the diet and could consequently impact brain chemistry, particularly neurotransmitter concentrations. Moreover, gut is an important site that produces amine neurotransmitters including dopamine and serotonin, which are utilized in the central and peripheral nervous systems to regulate various metabolic and body functions like behavior, gut motility, and performance. A broiler chicken trial was carried out to evaluate the influence of dietary fat type and its interactive effect on gut neurotransmitters, oxidative status, welfare of broiler chickens and the metabolite profile of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). A total of 560 day-old (Ross 708) male broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery, weighed, and randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of basal corn-soybean meal (SBM), into which poultry fat (CON), olive oil (OLIV), fish oil (FISH), canola oil (CANO), lard (LARD), coconut oil (COCO), or flaxseed oil (FLAX) was incorporated at 3%. Each treatment consisted of 5 replicate pens, with each pen housing 16 chicks. Bodyweight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conservation ratio (FCR) were monitored over the 8-week period and was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Welfare measures were assessed at 27, 36, 43, and 50 d and analyzed using PROC LOGISTIC at a 5% level of significance. Fear levels were assessed through two fear tests: The stationary person test (SPT) and novel object test (NOT); and analyzed using GLMM in R studio. The expression levels of the gut neurotransmitter transporters were evaluated using gel electrophoresis/western blot analysis. In addition, plasma samples were analyzed for reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Untargeted metabolomic analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS) was used to investigate the influence of dietary fat type on metabolite profiles in the DRN and data were analyzed using ANOVA and PCA in R studio. The growth performance parameters measured were not negatively impacted by the dietary fat types and were comparable to the control diet. Age and to a lesser extent dietary fat type influenced the outcome of the welfare and fear tests. There was no evidence of breast blisters. The expression levels of intestinal DAT and 5-HTT were enhanced in FLAX. Also, the oxidative status of the broiler chickens showed that FLAX and OLIV had lower pro-oxidative potential compared to other treatments. Based on the metabolic functions of the differentially expressed metabolites, it was proposed that net effect of COCO, OLIV, and FLAX oils on DRN metabolism included inhibition of neurotransmitter reuptake by nerve cells, increasing energy supply to cells via β-oxidation of fatty acids, and mitigation of cellular oxidative stress and inflammation Incorporating dietary olive oil and to a lesser extent flaxseed oil at 3% level showed considerable potential to modulate metabolites that promote healthy brain functions, growth performance, influence fear response and gut neurotransmission without inducing oxidative stress.

English

ISBN: 9798383699881Subjects--Topical Terms:

3174829
Animal sciences.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Broiler chickens

Dietary Fat-Induced Perturbations in Brain Metabolite Profiles Influence Fear Response and Gut Neurotransmitter Concentrations in Chickens /
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520 $a The broiler chicken industry is among the largest animal production industries in the world and dietary fat represents a major source of energy in broiler diets. Dietary nutrients can alter the composition of the gut microbiota and consequently the production of their metabolites. Gut microbes differentially ferment different fat types in the diet and could consequently impact brain chemistry, particularly neurotransmitter concentrations. Moreover, gut is an important site that produces amine neurotransmitters including dopamine and serotonin, which are utilized in the central and peripheral nervous systems to regulate various metabolic and body functions like behavior, gut motility, and performance. A broiler chicken trial was carried out to evaluate the influence of dietary fat type and its interactive effect on gut neurotransmitters, oxidative status, welfare of broiler chickens and the metabolite profile of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). A total of 560 day-old (Ross 708) male broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery, weighed, and randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of basal corn-soybean meal (SBM), into which poultry fat (CON), olive oil (OLIV), fish oil (FISH), canola oil (CANO), lard (LARD), coconut oil (COCO), or flaxseed oil (FLAX) was incorporated at 3%. Each treatment consisted of 5 replicate pens, with each pen housing 16 chicks. Bodyweight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conservation ratio (FCR) were monitored over the 8-week period and was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Welfare measures were assessed at 27, 36, 43, and 50 d and analyzed using PROC LOGISTIC at a 5% level of significance. Fear levels were assessed through two fear tests: The stationary person test (SPT) and novel object test (NOT); and analyzed using GLMM in R studio. The expression levels of the gut neurotransmitter transporters were evaluated using gel electrophoresis/western blot analysis. In addition, plasma samples were analyzed for reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Untargeted metabolomic analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS) was used to investigate the influence of dietary fat type on metabolite profiles in the DRN and data were analyzed using ANOVA and PCA in R studio. The growth performance parameters measured were not negatively impacted by the dietary fat types and were comparable to the control diet. Age and to a lesser extent dietary fat type influenced the outcome of the welfare and fear tests. There was no evidence of breast blisters. The expression levels of intestinal DAT and 5-HTT were enhanced in FLAX. Also, the oxidative status of the broiler chickens showed that FLAX and OLIV had lower pro-oxidative potential compared to other treatments. Based on the metabolic functions of the differentially expressed metabolites, it was proposed that net effect of COCO, OLIV, and FLAX oils on DRN metabolism included inhibition of neurotransmitter reuptake by nerve cells, increasing energy supply to cells via β-oxidation of fatty acids, and mitigation of cellular oxidative stress and inflammation Incorporating dietary olive oil and to a lesser extent flaxseed oil at 3% level showed considerable potential to modulate metabolites that promote healthy brain functions, growth performance, influence fear response and gut neurotransmission without inducing oxidative stress.
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