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Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Monomeric Sugars and Levulinic Acid: Alkaline Pretreatment, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Decrystallization /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Monomeric Sugars and Levulinic Acid: Alkaline Pretreatment, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Decrystallization // Venkata Ramesh Pallapolu.
Author:	Pallapolu, Venkata Ramesh,
Description:	1 electronic resource (239 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-08, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-08B.
Subject:	Polymers. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30262165
ISBN:	9798368490052

Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Monomeric Sugars and Levulinic Acid: Alkaline Pretreatment, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Decrystallization /
Pallapolu, Venkata Ramesh,

Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Monomeric Sugars and Levulinic Acid: Alkaline Pretreatment, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Decrystallization /Venkata Ramesh Pallapolu. - 1 electronic resource (239 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-08, Section: B.

The technical feasibility of applying uniform pretreatment conditions across the different switchgrass varieties to achieve similar sugar yields was investigated. Four different types of switchgrass species including, Shawnee, Alamo-I and Alamo-II, and Dacotah were investigated using aqueous ammonia as a pretreatment reagent. A majority of the pretreatment experiments were carried out using Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA) method; while a selected few pretreatment experiments with Dacotah were carried out using Ammonia Recycle Percolation (ARP) method. SAA is a batch process, whereas ARP is a flow-through semi-batch process. The pretreated solids were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using 15 FPU/g-glucan of Spezyme-CP and 30 CBU/g-glucan of Novozymes-188. Hydrolysis results show that with the similar pretreatment conditions (90°C, 15% NH4OH, liquid to solid ratio of 9, and 24 hr), Alamo-I, Alamo-II, and Shawnee resulted in substantially higher glucan/xylan (as high as 19%/13%) digestibility than the Dacotah. The optimum pretreatment conditions for Shawnee, Alamo-I, and Alamo-II were: 90°C, 15% NH4OH, liquid to solid ratio of 9, and 24 hr. Increase in SAA pretreatment severity and applying ARP pretreatment increased the glucan/xylan digestibility of Dacotah, but also caused significant loss of carbohydrate content during pretreatment.The majority of results available in the literature for pretreated solids report high saccharification yields using uneconomically high enzyme loadings. Therefore, the goal of this work was to create a defined enzyme mixture that results in high yields of six and five carbon sugars from the pretreated switchgrass with the least amount of enzyme loading. The enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were carried out by applying various mixtures and levels of commercial enzymes including, Spezyme-CP (cellulase), Novozyme-188 (β-glucosidase), Multifect Xylanase (xylanase), and Multifect Pectinase (pectinase) with the solids produced from SAA pretreated Dacotah. Addition of β-glucosidase increased the glucan and xylan digestibilities with all levels of enzyme loading throughout the hydrolysis. Glucan and xylan digestibilities were rapidly increased approximately up to 25 mg protein/g-glucan with and without addition of β-glucosidase, after which the increase was gradual. The increase in the total protein loading of cellulase and β-glucosidase from 25 to 32 mg protein/g-glucan only increased the glucan/xylan digestibility by 4%/3%, whereas by supplementing same amount of xylanase and pectinase increased the glucan/xylan digestibility by 21%/22% and 10%/19%, respectively. Addition of β-glucosidase decreased the cellobiose, glucose and xylose oligomers. Supplementation of xylanase/pectinase only reduced xylose oligomer at 72 hr hydrolysis period.Use of surface active additives is expected to reduce the enzyme dosage in the bioconversion processes by 20-40%, a significant economic benefit. Therefore, in this work to evaluate the effect of additives on enzymatic hydrolysis, different water soluble polymers were studied including, non-ionic (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and polyethylene glycol) and ionic (cationic polyacrylamide and polyethylene imine) polymers. In addition, to evaluate the effect of presence of lignin, various feedstocks including, Solka Floc and hardwood pulp (lignin free substrates), dilute sulfuric acid pretreated corn stover, dilute sulfuric acid pretreated switchgrass, aqueous ammonia pretreated switchgrass (lignin containing substrates) were used.

English

ISBN: 9798368490052Subjects--Topical Terms:

535398
Polymers.

Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Monomeric Sugars and Levulinic Acid: Alkaline Pretreatment, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Decrystallization /
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245 1 0 $a Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Monomeric Sugars and Levulinic Acid: Alkaline Pretreatment, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Decrystallization / $c Venkata Ramesh Pallapolu.
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502 $b Ph.D. $c Auburn University $d 2016.
520 $a The technical feasibility of applying uniform pretreatment conditions across the different switchgrass varieties to achieve similar sugar yields was investigated. Four different types of switchgrass species including, Shawnee, Alamo-I and Alamo-II, and Dacotah were investigated using aqueous ammonia as a pretreatment reagent. A majority of the pretreatment experiments were carried out using Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA) method; while a selected few pretreatment experiments with Dacotah were carried out using Ammonia Recycle Percolation (ARP) method. SAA is a batch process, whereas ARP is a flow-through semi-batch process. The pretreated solids were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using 15 FPU/g-glucan of Spezyme-CP and 30 CBU/g-glucan of Novozymes-188. Hydrolysis results show that with the similar pretreatment conditions (90°C, 15% NH4OH, liquid to solid ratio of 9, and 24 hr), Alamo-I, Alamo-II, and Shawnee resulted in substantially higher glucan/xylan (as high as 19%/13%) digestibility than the Dacotah. The optimum pretreatment conditions for Shawnee, Alamo-I, and Alamo-II were: 90°C, 15% NH4OH, liquid to solid ratio of 9, and 24 hr. Increase in SAA pretreatment severity and applying ARP pretreatment increased the glucan/xylan digestibility of Dacotah, but also caused significant loss of carbohydrate content during pretreatment.The majority of results available in the literature for pretreated solids report high saccharification yields using uneconomically high enzyme loadings. Therefore, the goal of this work was to create a defined enzyme mixture that results in high yields of six and five carbon sugars from the pretreated switchgrass with the least amount of enzyme loading. The enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were carried out by applying various mixtures and levels of commercial enzymes including, Spezyme-CP (cellulase), Novozyme-188 (β-glucosidase), Multifect Xylanase (xylanase), and Multifect Pectinase (pectinase) with the solids produced from SAA pretreated Dacotah. Addition of β-glucosidase increased the glucan and xylan digestibilities with all levels of enzyme loading throughout the hydrolysis. Glucan and xylan digestibilities were rapidly increased approximately up to 25 mg protein/g-glucan with and without addition of β-glucosidase, after which the increase was gradual. The increase in the total protein loading of cellulase and β-glucosidase from 25 to 32 mg protein/g-glucan only increased the glucan/xylan digestibility by 4%/3%, whereas by supplementing same amount of xylanase and pectinase increased the glucan/xylan digestibility by 21%/22% and 10%/19%, respectively. Addition of β-glucosidase decreased the cellobiose, glucose and xylose oligomers. Supplementation of xylanase/pectinase only reduced xylose oligomer at 72 hr hydrolysis period.Use of surface active additives is expected to reduce the enzyme dosage in the bioconversion processes by 20-40%, a significant economic benefit. Therefore, in this work to evaluate the effect of additives on enzymatic hydrolysis, different water soluble polymers were studied including, non-ionic (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and polyethylene glycol) and ionic (cationic polyacrylamide and polyethylene imine) polymers. In addition, to evaluate the effect of presence of lignin, various feedstocks including, Solka Floc and hardwood pulp (lignin free substrates), dilute sulfuric acid pretreated corn stover, dilute sulfuric acid pretreated switchgrass, aqueous ammonia pretreated switchgrass (lignin containing substrates) were used.
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