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Investigating the Microbial, Dietary...

Bhaumik, Deesha R.,

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Investigating the Microbial, Dietary, and Social Factors of Oral Health /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Investigating the Microbial, Dietary, and Social Factors of Oral Health // Deesha R Bhaumik.
Author:	Bhaumik, Deesha R.,
Description:	1 electronic resource (168 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-03B.
Subject:	Epidemiology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31631372
ISBN:	9798384043645

Investigating the Microbial, Dietary, and Social Factors of Oral Health /
Bhaumik, Deesha R.,

Investigating the Microbial, Dietary, and Social Factors of Oral Health /Deesha R Bhaumik. - 1 electronic resource (168 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.

Oral health is essential to overall health. Dental diseases are chronic and progressive in nature, but largely preventable if addressed early. Development of dental disease is a multifactorial process that includes the oral microbiome, diet, and access to dental care. This dissertation spans different contexts of oral health and disease from the microbial to policy level.The three-papers that constitute this dissertation are included as chapters 2 to 4. In the second chapter, we describe associations between dental caries and the dental plaque microbiome, by dentition and family membership among 584 children and adults participating in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia cohort 1 (COHRA1). The diversity of supragingival plaque composition from caries-active and caries-free teeth changed with dentition, but S. mutans was positively and Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 was negatively associated with caries regardless of dentition. There was a strong effect of family on the associations of Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 relative abundance with the caries-free state, this was not true for S. mutans and the caries-active state.In the third chapter, we explore individual and total components of diet and its relationship with the salivary microbiome composition and inferred metabolic pathways as predictors of disease. We examined data from 1896 participants and their saliva samples from the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol Salivary Microbiota Study (CHRISMB) residing in the Vinschgau/Val Venosta district (South Tyrol, Italy). We calculated the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and Mediterranean Diet Score from food frequency questionnaire responses as measures of diet. By either metric, healthier eating compared to less healthy eating was associated with lower microbiome diversity. Healthier eating compared to less healthy eating by either overall dietary score and measures of selected foods (vegetables, SSBs and fruit juice, and red/processed meat) was associated with increases in the relative abundance of the nitrate reduction pathway. We did not find strong, consistent results with our overall dietary scores and increases in nitrate reducing bacteria, but found that some individual food components, fruit and red/processed meat, picked up associations with some nitrate reducing bacteria. Healthier eating was associated with decreased relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii, a known periodontal pathogen. This suggests that a common pathway starting with diet may explain some of the well characterized association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease.In the fourth chapter, we evaluate whether access to dental care mediates the relationship between health insurance status and untreated dental decay using a nationally representative study of children in the United States (the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Between 2001-2020, untreated dental decay decreased over time for children regardless of insurance status; however, Medicaid and uninsured children consistently had higher prevalence of untreated decay than children with private insurance. Access to dental care was a significant mediator in the relationship between insurance type and risk of untreated decay. Excess risk of untreated dental decay decreased when comparing Medicaid to uninsured children, but increased for Medicaid compared to privately insured, suggesting that while Medicaid is superior to no insurance, but Medicaid still lags behind private insurance.In the final chapter, I close with the public health significance of my findings and some personal reflections. Collectively, this research deepens our understanding of the factors that promote oral health and what work remains to be accomplished.

English

ISBN: 9798384043645Subjects--Topical Terms:

568544
Epidemiology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Oral health

Investigating the Microbial, Dietary, and Social Factors of Oral Health /
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502 $b Ph.D. $c University of Michigan $d 2024.
520 $a Oral health is essential to overall health. Dental diseases are chronic and progressive in nature, but largely preventable if addressed early. Development of dental disease is a multifactorial process that includes the oral microbiome, diet, and access to dental care. This dissertation spans different contexts of oral health and disease from the microbial to policy level.The three-papers that constitute this dissertation are included as chapters 2 to 4. In the second chapter, we describe associations between dental caries and the dental plaque microbiome, by dentition and family membership among 584 children and adults participating in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia cohort 1 (COHRA1). The diversity of supragingival plaque composition from caries-active and caries-free teeth changed with dentition, but S. mutans was positively and Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 was negatively associated with caries regardless of dentition. There was a strong effect of family on the associations of Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 relative abundance with the caries-free state, this was not true for S. mutans and the caries-active state.In the third chapter, we explore individual and total components of diet and its relationship with the salivary microbiome composition and inferred metabolic pathways as predictors of disease. We examined data from 1896 participants and their saliva samples from the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol Salivary Microbiota Study (CHRISMB) residing in the Vinschgau/Val Venosta district (South Tyrol, Italy). We calculated the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and Mediterranean Diet Score from food frequency questionnaire responses as measures of diet. By either metric, healthier eating compared to less healthy eating was associated with lower microbiome diversity. Healthier eating compared to less healthy eating by either overall dietary score and measures of selected foods (vegetables, SSBs and fruit juice, and red/processed meat) was associated with increases in the relative abundance of the nitrate reduction pathway. We did not find strong, consistent results with our overall dietary scores and increases in nitrate reducing bacteria, but found that some individual food components, fruit and red/processed meat, picked up associations with some nitrate reducing bacteria. Healthier eating was associated with decreased relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii, a known periodontal pathogen. This suggests that a common pathway starting with diet may explain some of the well characterized association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease.In the fourth chapter, we evaluate whether access to dental care mediates the relationship between health insurance status and untreated dental decay using a nationally representative study of children in the United States (the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Between 2001-2020, untreated dental decay decreased over time for children regardless of insurance status; however, Medicaid and uninsured children consistently had higher prevalence of untreated decay than children with private insurance. Access to dental care was a significant mediator in the relationship between insurance type and risk of untreated decay. Excess risk of untreated dental decay decreased when comparing Medicaid to uninsured children, but increased for Medicaid compared to privately insured, suggesting that while Medicaid is superior to no insurance, but Medicaid still lags behind private insurance.In the final chapter, I close with the public health significance of my findings and some personal reflections. Collectively, this research deepens our understanding of the factors that promote oral health and what work remains to be accomplished.
546 $a English
590 $a School code: 0127
650 4 $a Epidemiology. $3 568544
650 4 $a Microbiology. $3 536250
650 4 $a Public health. $3 534748
650 4 $a Dentistry. $3 828971
653 $a Oral health
653 $a Dental diseases
653 $a Dental plaque microbiome
653 $a Caries
653 $a Medicaid
690 $a 0766
690 $a 0410
690 $a 0567
690 $a 0573
710 2 $a University of Michigan. $b Epidemiological Science. $e degree granting institution. $3 3824481
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773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 86-03B.
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2024
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31631372