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Nocardiosis of the Pacific oyster, C...

Friedman, Carolyn Suzanne,

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Nocardiosis of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Nocardiosis of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg // Carolyn Suzanne Friedman.
Author:	Friedman, Carolyn Suzanne,
Description:	1 electronic resource (135 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 52-10, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International52-10B.
Subject:	Zoology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9110633
ISBN:	9798207708232

Nocardiosis of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg /
Friedman, Carolyn Suzanne,

Nocardiosis of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg /Carolyn Suzanne Friedman. - 1 electronic resource (135 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 52-10, Section: B.

The relationship between a bacterial infection and summer mortality of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg was investigated. A bacterium was isolated from both the hemolymph and adductor muscle pustules of infected 2 yr or older animals from four locations in Washington, U.S.A and British Columbia, Canada (Chapter 1). The filamentous bacterium stained gram-positive and acid-fast, produced catalase, shared common antigens with nocardial bacteria and was emarginated with a trilaminar cell wall. These characteristics indicate that the bacterium belongs in the genus Nocardia and the disease is best designated Pacific oyster nocardiosis (PON). Experimentally-induced infections of oysters showed similar gross and microscopic signs as natural infections with the bacterium. Intracardiac injections of 1.44 $\imes$ 10$\\sp5$ cfu/ml of the bacterium resulted in a 47% mortality of adult oysters held in seawater (32 ppt) at 21 C within 34 d. Pacific oyster nocardiosis co-occurred with periods of mortality of C. gigas in certain embayments in Washington and British Columbia (Chapter 2) in which water temperatures and nutrient levels became elevated during the summer. Six culture sites contained oysters with PON. Overall, more males and reproductively immature oysters than female oysters contained bacterial foci during an infection season and Oakland Bay, Washington oysters showed a peak prevalence of infection during September. These data suggest a causal relationship between PON and summer mortality in certain embayments. Analysis of morphological, physical and biochemical properties of Nocardia sp. from oysters showed that the bacterium contained chemotype IV cell walls which consisted of meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, galactose and nocardomycolic acids as major cell wall components and an average base composition of 68.8 mol % G + C. The bacterium was most similar to N. asteroides (antigenically) and N. seriolae (biochemically). However, unlike N. seriolae, Nocardia sp. from oysters contained large amounts of C 16:0 and only trace amounts of C 15:0 and C 17:0 as major methyl ester pyrolytic products of cell wall mycolic acids. In addition, the oyster bacterium did not grow with gluconic acid, grew poorly with Tween 80 as sole carbon source, did not grow with ornithine as sole carbon and nitrogen source, was resistant to 5-fluorouracil, sensitive to isoniazid and mitomycin C, and did not grow with 5% salt. Based on these unique properties of the oyster bacterial isolates, we propose a new species of Nocardia: N. crassostreae sp. nov.

English

ISBN: 9798207708232Subjects--Topical Terms:

518878
Zoology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

oyster

Nocardiosis of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg /
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245 1 0 $a Nocardiosis of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg / $c Carolyn Suzanne Friedman.
264 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 1990
300 $a 1 electronic resource (135 pages)
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 52-10, Section: B.
500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
502 $b Ph.D. $c University of California, Davis $d 1990.
520 $a The relationship between a bacterial infection and summer mortality of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg was investigated. A bacterium was isolated from both the hemolymph and adductor muscle pustules of infected 2 yr or older animals from four locations in Washington, U.S.A and British Columbia, Canada (Chapter 1). The filamentous bacterium stained gram-positive and acid-fast, produced catalase, shared common antigens with nocardial bacteria and was emarginated with a trilaminar cell wall. These characteristics indicate that the bacterium belongs in the genus Nocardia and the disease is best designated Pacific oyster nocardiosis (PON). Experimentally-induced infections of oysters showed similar gross and microscopic signs as natural infections with the bacterium. Intracardiac injections of 1.44 $\imes$ 10$\\sp5$ cfu/ml of the bacterium resulted in a 47% mortality of adult oysters held in seawater (32 ppt) at 21 C within 34 d. Pacific oyster nocardiosis co-occurred with periods of mortality of C. gigas in certain embayments in Washington and British Columbia (Chapter 2) in which water temperatures and nutrient levels became elevated during the summer. Six culture sites contained oysters with PON. Overall, more males and reproductively immature oysters than female oysters contained bacterial foci during an infection season and Oakland Bay, Washington oysters showed a peak prevalence of infection during September. These data suggest a causal relationship between PON and summer mortality in certain embayments. Analysis of morphological, physical and biochemical properties of Nocardia sp. from oysters showed that the bacterium contained chemotype IV cell walls which consisted of meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, galactose and nocardomycolic acids as major cell wall components and an average base composition of 68.8 mol % G + C. The bacterium was most similar to N. asteroides (antigenically) and N. seriolae (biochemically). However, unlike N. seriolae, Nocardia sp. from oysters contained large amounts of C 16:0 and only trace amounts of C 15:0 and C 17:0 as major methyl ester pyrolytic products of cell wall mycolic acids. In addition, the oyster bacterium did not grow with gluconic acid, grew poorly with Tween 80 as sole carbon source, did not grow with ornithine as sole carbon and nitrogen source, was resistant to 5-fluorouracil, sensitive to isoniazid and mitomycin C, and did not grow with 5% salt. Based on these unique properties of the oyster bacterial isolates, we propose a new species of Nocardia: N. crassostreae sp. nov.
546 $a English
590 $a School code: 0029
650 4 $a Zoology. $3 518878
650 4 $a Microbiology. $3 536250
650 4 $a Aquaculture. $3 545878
650 4 $a Fish production. $3 3688049
650 4 $a Aquatic sciences. $3 3174300
653 $a oyster
690 $a 0472
690 $a 0410
690 $a 0792
710 2 $a University of California, Davis. $e degree granting institution. $3 3825684
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 52-10B.
790 $a 0029
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 1990
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9110633