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Elucidating the Diet of Sharks Throu...

Ryburn, Savannah Jane,

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Elucidating the Diet of Sharks Through DNA Analysis of Fecal Matter /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Elucidating the Diet of Sharks Through DNA Analysis of Fecal Matter // Savannah Jane Ryburn.
Author:	Ryburn, Savannah Jane,
Description:	1 electronic resource (188 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-11B.
Subject:	Ecology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31938867
ISBN:	9798315729433

Elucidating the Diet of Sharks Through DNA Analysis of Fecal Matter /
Ryburn, Savannah Jane,

Elucidating the Diet of Sharks Through DNA Analysis of Fecal Matter /Savannah Jane Ryburn. - 1 electronic resource (188 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.

One-third of shark species are currently threatened with extinction, and their populations continue to decline. Despite their ecological importance, basic natural history information such as diet, range, and life cycle remains largely unknown for many species. Traditionally, shark diet reconstruction has relied on morphological identification of stomach contents. While widely used, this method often limits prey identification to coarse taxonomic levels and is prone to error due to subtle morphological similarities among prey items. In this dissertation, I employ DNA-based methods to quantify shark diet with higher taxonomic resolution.DNA barcoding more than doubled the number of prey items identified to the species level compared to morphological analysis, and dietary composition differed significantly between methods for all sampled shark species: Atlantic sharpnose (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae), blacknose (Carcharhinus acronotus), blacktip (Carcharhinus limbatus), and bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) (Chapter 1). Metabarcoding fecal DNA collected with cloacal swabs represented the corresponding prey DNA from the metabarcoded stomach contents and no significant differences in taxonomic richness or diversity were found between these two sample types (Chapter 2). In North Carolina, Atlantic sharpnose and blacknose sharks had the largest dietary overlap, with both species relying on the same two most frequently consumed prey taxa, i.e., prawns (Penaeus spp.) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus). Bonnetheads and blacktips had the least amount of overlap between all shark species, where blacktips fed mainly on menhaden (Brevoortia spp.) and prawns while bonnetheads primarily consumed Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) (Chapter 3). Prey taxa richness of the juvenile blacktip in the Galapagos was highest among sharks sampled in the bays of San Cristobal, possibly due to geographic variation in prey availability (Chapter 4). Thoburn's mullet (Mugil thoburni), was the most common prey taxa identified in the diet of both the scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) and blacktip sharks in the Galapagos. However, blacktips had a broader dietary niche, reflecting a more generalist feeding strategy (Chapter 5). Using metabarcoding techniques on non-lethal fecal samples to expand our understanding of shark diets can improve our ability to predict how disruptions in food web structure and prey availability may impact shark survival and conservation efforts.

English

ISBN: 9798315729433Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Cloacal swabs

Elucidating the Diet of Sharks Through DNA Analysis of Fecal Matter /
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245 1 0 $a Elucidating the Diet of Sharks Through DNA Analysis of Fecal Matter / $c Savannah Jane Ryburn.
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300 $a 1 electronic resource (188 pages)
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
500 $a Advisors: Bruno, John F. Committee members: Fodrie, F. Joel; Hearn, Alex; Pazmino, Diana A.; Papastamatiou, Yannis P.
502 $b Ph.D. $c The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill $d 2025.
520 $a One-third of shark species are currently threatened with extinction, and their populations continue to decline. Despite their ecological importance, basic natural history information such as diet, range, and life cycle remains largely unknown for many species. Traditionally, shark diet reconstruction has relied on morphological identification of stomach contents. While widely used, this method often limits prey identification to coarse taxonomic levels and is prone to error due to subtle morphological similarities among prey items. In this dissertation, I employ DNA-based methods to quantify shark diet with higher taxonomic resolution.DNA barcoding more than doubled the number of prey items identified to the species level compared to morphological analysis, and dietary composition differed significantly between methods for all sampled shark species: Atlantic sharpnose (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae), blacknose (Carcharhinus acronotus), blacktip (Carcharhinus limbatus), and bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) (Chapter 1). Metabarcoding fecal DNA collected with cloacal swabs represented the corresponding prey DNA from the metabarcoded stomach contents and no significant differences in taxonomic richness or diversity were found between these two sample types (Chapter 2). In North Carolina, Atlantic sharpnose and blacknose sharks had the largest dietary overlap, with both species relying on the same two most frequently consumed prey taxa, i.e., prawns (Penaeus spp.) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus). Bonnetheads and blacktips had the least amount of overlap between all shark species, where blacktips fed mainly on menhaden (Brevoortia spp.) and prawns while bonnetheads primarily consumed Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) (Chapter 3). Prey taxa richness of the juvenile blacktip in the Galapagos was highest among sharks sampled in the bays of San Cristobal, possibly due to geographic variation in prey availability (Chapter 4). Thoburn's mullet (Mugil thoburni), was the most common prey taxa identified in the diet of both the scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) and blacktip sharks in the Galapagos. However, blacktips had a broader dietary niche, reflecting a more generalist feeding strategy (Chapter 5). Using metabarcoding techniques on non-lethal fecal samples to expand our understanding of shark diets can improve our ability to predict how disruptions in food web structure and prey availability may impact shark survival and conservation efforts.
546 $a English
590 $a School code: 0153
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
650 4 $a Aquatic sciences. $3 3174300
650 4 $a Morphology. $3 591167
650 4 $a Genetics. $3 530508
650 4 $a Biological oceanography. $3 2122748
653 $a Cloacal swabs
653 $a Fecal DNA
653 $a Metabarcoding
653 $a Sharks
653 $a Stomach contents
653 $a Trophic ecology
690 $a 0329
690 $a 0416
690 $a 0369
690 $a 0792
690 $a 0287
710 2 $a The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. $b Ecology. $e degree granting institution. $3 3828368
720 1 $a Bruno, John F. $e degree supervisor.
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 86-11B.
790 $a 0153
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2025
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31938867