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Exploring Air-Sea Momentum Transfer ...

Tan, Peisen,

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Exploring Air-Sea Momentum Transfer Across a Wide Range of Wind Forcing /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Exploring Air-Sea Momentum Transfer Across a Wide Range of Wind Forcing // Peisen Tan.
Author:	Tan, Peisen,
Description:	1 electronic resource (189 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-10, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-10B.
Subject:	Environmental science. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31769552
ISBN:	9798310386143

Exploring Air-Sea Momentum Transfer Across a Wide Range of Wind Forcing /
Tan, Peisen,

Exploring Air-Sea Momentum Transfer Across a Wide Range of Wind Forcing /Peisen Tan. - 1 electronic resource (189 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-10, Section: B.

Ocean waves profoundly contribute to the upper-ocean turbulence and energy dissipation. The vast majority of ocean waves are generated by the wind. Wave growth is governed to the first order by momentum flux. However, a lack of quantitative measurement of wave growth and wind stress exists due to instrument limitations and harsh field conditions. Most numerical wave models rely on empirical parameterizations of wave growth. Although these parameterizations are based on physical principles, the reliance on empirical parameters often constrains the accuracy of model forecasts, particularly under varying wind and wave conditions. To thoroughly study the wave growth under wind forcing with the goal to improve the performance of numerical wave models, laboratory experiments were conducted for a wide range of wind forcing, from a mild sea breeze to Category-5 hurricane intensity, in the University of Miami's wind-wave facility SUSTAIN (SUrge-Structure-Atmosphere INteraction Facility). Different background wave conditions created by mechanical wave paddles were tested: pure wind seas, irregular broad-band JONSWAP spectrum waves, and regular monochromatic waves at different frequencies. We directly measured the wave-induced airside pressure, water surface displacement, and 3D wind speeds at high sampling frequencies using both stationary and wave-following sampling technique. Very few pressure measurements above waves had been conducted at high wind speeds before, and this project is one of the first to fully visualize the collocated airflow, pressure, and surface elevation, and calculate the related wave growth under strong wind forcing. High-resolution profiles of the waves' phase-dependent pressure and airflow streamlines were resolved. A clear aerodynamic sheltering by the wave was observed, with high/low pressure above the windward / leeward side of the waves respectively. We found that: 1. our wave growth rate agrees with the revisited empirical Miles' Critical Layer Theory that incorporates air-side turbulence (Miles, 1993) and slightly above the theoretical prediction of Non-Separated Sheltering by Belcher and Hunt (1993), which accounts for 90% of the wave growth before airflow separates; 2. the empirical Jeffreys' Sheltering (Jeffreys, 1924) hypothesis (JS) remains valid, although the JS depends on an empirical sheltering coefficient A that was conventionally treated as a constant. We found that A follows a "U" shape with wind forcing: the strongest aerodynamic sheltering, corresponding to the smallest A, was identified around the wind forcing of Category-1 hurricane intensity. Once wind forcing exceeds this threshold, intense wave breaking alleviates the sheltering on the leeward side of the dominant waves. 3. Our wind stress partition at the air-sea interface agrees with previous laboratory and model results: the sheltering-induced momentum transfer strengthens with wave steepness. In summary, our findings stress the need to finetune some parameters in the existing parameterization of wave growth theories with the ultimate goal to improve the numerical wave models' forecast output.

English

ISBN: 9798310386143Subjects--Topical Terms:

677245
Environmental science.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Air-sea interaction

Exploring Air-Sea Momentum Transfer Across a Wide Range of Wind Forcing /
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500 $a Advisors: Haus, Brian Committee members: Drennan, William; Romeiser, Roland; Laxague, Nathan; Curcic, Milan.
502 $b Ph.D. $c University of Miami $d 2025.
520 $a Ocean waves profoundly contribute to the upper-ocean turbulence and energy dissipation. The vast majority of ocean waves are generated by the wind. Wave growth is governed to the first order by momentum flux. However, a lack of quantitative measurement of wave growth and wind stress exists due to instrument limitations and harsh field conditions. Most numerical wave models rely on empirical parameterizations of wave growth. Although these parameterizations are based on physical principles, the reliance on empirical parameters often constrains the accuracy of model forecasts, particularly under varying wind and wave conditions. To thoroughly study the wave growth under wind forcing with the goal to improve the performance of numerical wave models, laboratory experiments were conducted for a wide range of wind forcing, from a mild sea breeze to Category-5 hurricane intensity, in the University of Miami's wind-wave facility SUSTAIN (SUrge-Structure-Atmosphere INteraction Facility). Different background wave conditions created by mechanical wave paddles were tested: pure wind seas, irregular broad-band JONSWAP spectrum waves, and regular monochromatic waves at different frequencies. We directly measured the wave-induced airside pressure, water surface displacement, and 3D wind speeds at high sampling frequencies using both stationary and wave-following sampling technique. Very few pressure measurements above waves had been conducted at high wind speeds before, and this project is one of the first to fully visualize the collocated airflow, pressure, and surface elevation, and calculate the related wave growth under strong wind forcing. High-resolution profiles of the waves' phase-dependent pressure and airflow streamlines were resolved. A clear aerodynamic sheltering by the wave was observed, with high/low pressure above the windward / leeward side of the waves respectively. We found that: 1. our wave growth rate agrees with the revisited empirical Miles' Critical Layer Theory that incorporates air-side turbulence (Miles, 1993) and slightly above the theoretical prediction of Non-Separated Sheltering by Belcher and Hunt (1993), which accounts for 90% of the wave growth before airflow separates; 2. the empirical Jeffreys' Sheltering (Jeffreys, 1924) hypothesis (JS) remains valid, although the JS depends on an empirical sheltering coefficient A that was conventionally treated as a constant. We found that A follows a "U" shape with wind forcing: the strongest aerodynamic sheltering, corresponding to the smallest A, was identified around the wind forcing of Category-1 hurricane intensity. Once wind forcing exceeds this threshold, intense wave breaking alleviates the sheltering on the leeward side of the dominant waves. 3. Our wind stress partition at the air-sea interface agrees with previous laboratory and model results: the sheltering-induced momentum transfer strengthens with wave steepness. In summary, our findings stress the need to finetune some parameters in the existing parameterization of wave growth theories with the ultimate goal to improve the numerical wave models' forecast output.
546 $a English
590 $a School code: 0125
650 4 $a Environmental science. $3 677245
650 4 $a Geophysics. $3 535228
650 4 $a Physical oceanography. $3 3168433
650 4 $a Meteorology. $3 542822
653 $a Air-sea interaction
653 $a Wave growth
653 $a Ocean waves
653 $a Wind forcing
653 $a SUrge-Structure-Atmosphere INteraction
690 $a 0768
690 $a 0415
690 $a 0557
690 $a 0373
710 2 $a University of Miami. $b Applied Marine Physics (Marine). $e degree granting institution. $3 3828344
720 1 $a Haus, Brian $e degree supervisor.
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 86-10B.
790 $a 0125
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2025
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31769552