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A Cold Case Reducing the Uncertainty in Permafrost Models and Observations /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	A Cold Case Reducing the Uncertainty in Permafrost Models and Observations // Jelte Geert Hendrik de Bruin.
Author:	de Bruin, Jelte Geert Hendrik,
Description:	1 electronic resource (150 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-04B.
Subject:	Soils. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31526246
ISBN:	9798342119108

A Cold Case Reducing the Uncertainty in Permafrost Models and Observations /
de Bruin, Jelte Geert Hendrik,

A Cold Case Reducing the Uncertainty in Permafrost Models and Observations /Jelte Geert Hendrik de Bruin. - 1 electronic resource (150 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.

The permafrost environmentPermafrost is often referred to as the "sleeping giant of climate change" Mascarelli (2009), as it contains a vast store of organic carbon that could be released into the atmosphere as the permafrost thaws (Miner et al., 2022; Schuur et al., 2015; Bruhwiler et al., 2021; Strauss et al., 2017). Clearly, permafrost thaw affects not only the local environment, but it has the potential to affect many global cycles as well. What elements define that permafrost and permafrost thaw have such an impact on a global scale? To answer this question we need to have an understanding of the origin of permafrost, and the processes and feedbacks that play a role in permafrost freeze-thaw cycles on a local scale as well as on a global scale.Permafrost is defined as a soil that has a temperature that continuously remains below 0°C for two or more consecutive years (Van Everdingen et al., 1998). These perennially frozen soils are spread across the Northern Hemisphere, the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, the Antarctic and high mountainous regions (Figure 1.1). In total, permafrost underlies 24% of the exposed Northern Hemisphere surface area (Obu, 2021; Dobinski, 2011). Permafrost in combination with surface vegetation forms a delicately balanced ecosystem. The permafrost ecosystem includes distinct landscapes with unique vegetation types that thrive under harsh cold climate conditions. These landscapes vary from dry barren soils, to vegetation rich landscapes with an abundance of water (Van Huissteden, 2020). Seasonal freezing and thawing cycles impact these landscapes differently due to the large variety in composition of the various landscapes.The frozen nature of permafrost restricts many environmental cycles and processes from taking place. While during summer thaw the upper layer of the permafrost thaws, also known as the active layer, the majority of the underlying permafrost remains frozen (Van Everdingen et al., 1998). This limits the movement of, for example, groundwater, since infiltration and percolation of rain water and snow melt into the groundwater are blocked by frozen pores. Similarly, deep groundwater flow is also limited, preventing the formation of an active groundwater system. Consequently, the absence of an active groundwater system restricts groundwater solute transport of dissolved solids and trapped gasses to the surface and atmosphere. Likewise, bacterial decomposition processes in the subsurface are highly reduced at sub 0°C temperatures (Graham et al., 2012).However, permafrost is threatened by global warming due to increasingly higher air temperatures. This causes the permafrost to thaw at increasingly higher rates and to increasingly greater depths. Consequently, the permafrost regions will start to adapt to the changing conditions, reactivating environmental cycles. Rainwater will start to infiltrate into the thawed topsoil, groundwater flowpaths will start to develop and bacterial activity will intensify. As a result of the changing environmental conditions, the permafrost landscape will evolve and become more dynamic, until a new stable state is reached (Bruhwiler et al., 2021). The question is however, what does the new permafrost environment look like, how do the dynamics change, and are there any unforeseen feedbacks? In order to predict how the permafrost might evolve over the coming decades, it is important to understand the origin and buildup of permafrost, as it is key in understanding the processes and feedbacks of permafrost thaw.

English

ISBN: 9798342119108Subjects--Topical Terms:

549914
Soils.

A Cold Case Reducing the Uncertainty in Permafrost Models and Observations /
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520 $a The permafrost environmentPermafrost is often referred to as the "sleeping giant of climate change" Mascarelli (2009), as it contains a vast store of organic carbon that could be released into the atmosphere as the permafrost thaws (Miner et al., 2022; Schuur et al., 2015; Bruhwiler et al., 2021; Strauss et al., 2017). Clearly, permafrost thaw affects not only the local environment, but it has the potential to affect many global cycles as well. What elements define that permafrost and permafrost thaw have such an impact on a global scale? To answer this question we need to have an understanding of the origin of permafrost, and the processes and feedbacks that play a role in permafrost freeze-thaw cycles on a local scale as well as on a global scale.Permafrost is defined as a soil that has a temperature that continuously remains below 0°C for two or more consecutive years (Van Everdingen et al., 1998). These perennially frozen soils are spread across the Northern Hemisphere, the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, the Antarctic and high mountainous regions (Figure 1.1). In total, permafrost underlies 24% of the exposed Northern Hemisphere surface area (Obu, 2021; Dobinski, 2011). Permafrost in combination with surface vegetation forms a delicately balanced ecosystem. The permafrost ecosystem includes distinct landscapes with unique vegetation types that thrive under harsh cold climate conditions. These landscapes vary from dry barren soils, to vegetation rich landscapes with an abundance of water (Van Huissteden, 2020). Seasonal freezing and thawing cycles impact these landscapes differently due to the large variety in composition of the various landscapes.The frozen nature of permafrost restricts many environmental cycles and processes from taking place. While during summer thaw the upper layer of the permafrost thaws, also known as the active layer, the majority of the underlying permafrost remains frozen (Van Everdingen et al., 1998). This limits the movement of, for example, groundwater, since infiltration and percolation of rain water and snow melt into the groundwater are blocked by frozen pores. Similarly, deep groundwater flow is also limited, preventing the formation of an active groundwater system. Consequently, the absence of an active groundwater system restricts groundwater solute transport of dissolved solids and trapped gasses to the surface and atmosphere. Likewise, bacterial decomposition processes in the subsurface are highly reduced at sub 0°C temperatures (Graham et al., 2012).However, permafrost is threatened by global warming due to increasingly higher air temperatures. This causes the permafrost to thaw at increasingly higher rates and to increasingly greater depths. Consequently, the permafrost regions will start to adapt to the changing conditions, reactivating environmental cycles. Rainwater will start to infiltrate into the thawed topsoil, groundwater flowpaths will start to develop and bacterial activity will intensify. As a result of the changing environmental conditions, the permafrost landscape will evolve and become more dynamic, until a new stable state is reached (Bruhwiler et al., 2021). The question is however, what does the new permafrost environment look like, how do the dynamics change, and are there any unforeseen feedbacks? In order to predict how the permafrost might evolve over the coming decades, it is important to understand the origin and buildup of permafrost, as it is key in understanding the processes and feedbacks of permafrost thaw.
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