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Speed Breeding in Peanut for Improved Cultivar Development /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Speed Breeding in Peanut for Improved Cultivar Development // James T Seely.
Author:	Seely, James T.,
Description:	1 electronic resource (126 pages)
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 86-09.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International86-09.
Subject:	Habits. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31883957
ISBN:	9798310114081

Speed Breeding in Peanut for Improved Cultivar Development /
Seely, James T.,

Speed Breeding in Peanut for Improved Cultivar Development /James T Seely. - 1 electronic resource (126 pages)

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 86-09.

Breeding of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a crucial step in improvement of agronomic traits such as disease resistance; however, time to release using traditional breeding methods is lengthy process, often requiring 12 years or more for cultivar release and can be challenging financially and temporally for farmers and breeders. Speed breeding, a multifaceted approach combining techniques such controlled environments and marker assisted selection, offers a possible alternative to solve these challenges.Utilizing controlled environment such as greenhouses or growth chambers can greatly decrease generation time. In a controlled environment greenhouse setting under 22h photoperiod, supplemental light intensities of 0, 200, 400, and 600 µmol/m2/s were provided to peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea) which were harvested at 70, 80, 90, and 100 days after planting (DAP). Harvested pods were dried at ambient room temperature (~22°C) for 14 days. Pods and seed weights were recorded and then replanted in the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Phytotron to evaluate if seeds germinated (radicle emergence) and/or reached maturity (produced leaves) following a 14 day 16h 29/22°C period. Results show that higher light intensities have a lower overall average seed weight than lower light intensity treatments; however, total seed number was significantly higher with increased light intensity. Following a standard statistical analysis, a correlation matrix showed a positive correlation of most characteristics observed. Including increasing intensity and DAP timing. A negative correlation was shown, however, between intensity and dry pod weight, seed weight, germination rate, maturity rate and flower to peg conversion rate showing a decrease in observed values as intensity increased. Following the correlation matrix, a principal component analysis (PCA) was done to form groups of similarly preforming plants. Four cluster groups were identified and were consolidated into cluster means. Cluster means showed that increasing light intensity and harvest time (DAP) produced greater overall averages of flower count, peg count, pod weight, seed count, seed weight, germination rate, and maturity rate. Set 1, showing the highest intensity and latest DAP with 477.78 µmol/m2/s and 95 days, respectively, provided the highest averaging means in all measured outputs except flower to peg conversion rate. Given these results, harvesting at a target of 95 DAP should be considered with speed breeding in mind, allowing for the potential of three generations per annum.Gaining access to sufficient greenhouse facilities with highly controllable environments can be difficult if not impossible for many breeding programs. An applied study in the peanut breeding greenhouses was completed utilizing results from the controlled environment data to accurately determine how many days after planting (DAP) until sufficient maturity was reached for peanut seed to be successfully replanted for a subsequent generation. Four harvest timings were used, including 60, 70, 80, and 90 DAP, analyzed in a Latin square design and repeated in a winter and spring season with four blocks and four nested replications in each block. Pods and seeds were harvested, weighed, and replanted to determine viability in a subsequent generation. Substantial differences were seen between winter and spring seasons. Average seed weight increased by 1.7x, 1.8x, 1.5x, and 1.1x for 60, 70, 80, and 90 days respectively between winter and spring trials. Number of seeds germinated (radical emergence) increased 19x, 14.9x, 2.3x, and 1.4x for each harvest day, respectively. Number of mature seeds between winter and spring increased 10x, 16.7x, 2.4x and 1.5x, respectively. Total seed number increased 3.6x, 2.4x, 1.6x, and 1.3x, respectively. Percent of germinated seed between winter and spring trials increased 5x, 6x, 1.5x and 1x for 60, 70, 80, and 90 days respectively. Percentage of total produced seeds which reached maturity increased 2.8x, 6.9x, 1.5x and 1.1x, respectively between winter and spring trials. Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) analyses were run with seed number and maturity with an alpha value of 0.05. No significance was identified in models comparing reps and light effects (block). Seed number formed three significance groups. Difference in mean seed number was not significant between 80- and 90-day treatments, but a significant difference was noted between 60-, 70-, and the 80/90-day grouping. Maturity was also analyzed with HSD means and significance was found in all four harvest groups. In addition to rapid generation time, greenhouse grown germplasm allows for the quick access and analysis of fresh tissue, reducing potential errors as well as overall analysis time. Additionally, greenhouse grown plants allow for quick selection using cell trays to identify promising germplasm and efficiently cull rejects, saving space and time. Germplasm of interest can then utilize environmental and physiological speed breeding methods where generation time can be reduced to around 90 days, comfortably providing three generations per year. Breeding of new lines incorporating genetics from SPT 10-12 and IAC 322 were carried out in order to develop improved late leaf spot (LLS) resistance in peanut. Utilizing marker assisted selection (MAS) to identify presence of markers of interest, selections were able to be made to further development of increased disease resistance while maintaining agronomic qualities through backcrossing. From the SPT 10-12 x Bailey II cross, 25 seeds were collected, 15 germinated, and two were confirmed as F1 hybrids, producing 42 F2 seedlings. Of these, 15 were selected as recombinants or fixable at four loci (Chr7, Chr8-Long, Chr10, and Chr13), with four prioritized for fixation. From these four plants, 35 F3 seeds were collected, and three F3 plants achieved fixation at all loci and were advanced to the F4 generation. The IAC 322 x Bailey II cross produced 16 seeds, with 13 germinating and five confirmed F1 hybrids, resulting in 96 F2 seedlings, of which 24 were selected for fixation at five loci (Chr2-Long, Chr2-Upper, Chr8, Chr13, and FAD2B). Two plants reached priority status and produced 47 F3 seeds, with two plants fixed at all loci and advanced. One plant demonstrated a beneficial red seed coat for future Valencia-type cultivars. A backcross of Bailey II x (SPT 10-12 x Bailey II) yielded 135 BC1F1 seedlings, with 52 confirmed as true BC1F1. Four plants heterozygous at all four loci were allowed to self-fertilize for BC1F2 and were backcrossed to Bailey II. Seven BC1F2 plants were fixed at four introgressions, while 24 were selected for recombination at one locus, and 43 remain segregating for Chr7 and Chr13 introgressions, with Chr8-Long and Chr10 allowed to segregate without genotyping.In addition to identifying traits of interest, MAS can also provide crucial improvements in speed breeding methodologies when combined with other speed breeding techniques. The utilization of modern molecular techniques paired with controlled environments will enable the rapid progression of breeding to meet modern demands.

English

ISBN: 9798310114081Subjects--Topical Terms:

1961602
Habits.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Late leaf spot

Speed Breeding in Peanut for Improved Cultivar Development /
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245 1 0 $a Speed Breeding in Peanut for Improved Cultivar Development / $c James T Seely.
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520 $a Breeding of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a crucial step in improvement of agronomic traits such as disease resistance; however, time to release using traditional breeding methods is lengthy process, often requiring 12 years or more for cultivar release and can be challenging financially and temporally for farmers and breeders. Speed breeding, a multifaceted approach combining techniques such controlled environments and marker assisted selection, offers a possible alternative to solve these challenges.Utilizing controlled environment such as greenhouses or growth chambers can greatly decrease generation time. In a controlled environment greenhouse setting under 22h photoperiod, supplemental light intensities of 0, 200, 400, and 600 µmol/m2/s were provided to peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea) which were harvested at 70, 80, 90, and 100 days after planting (DAP). Harvested pods were dried at ambient room temperature (~22°C) for 14 days. Pods and seed weights were recorded and then replanted in the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Phytotron to evaluate if seeds germinated (radicle emergence) and/or reached maturity (produced leaves) following a 14 day 16h 29/22°C period. Results show that higher light intensities have a lower overall average seed weight than lower light intensity treatments; however, total seed number was significantly higher with increased light intensity. Following a standard statistical analysis, a correlation matrix showed a positive correlation of most characteristics observed. Including increasing intensity and DAP timing. A negative correlation was shown, however, between intensity and dry pod weight, seed weight, germination rate, maturity rate and flower to peg conversion rate showing a decrease in observed values as intensity increased. Following the correlation matrix, a principal component analysis (PCA) was done to form groups of similarly preforming plants. Four cluster groups were identified and were consolidated into cluster means. Cluster means showed that increasing light intensity and harvest time (DAP) produced greater overall averages of flower count, peg count, pod weight, seed count, seed weight, germination rate, and maturity rate. Set 1, showing the highest intensity and latest DAP with 477.78 µmol/m2/s and 95 days, respectively, provided the highest averaging means in all measured outputs except flower to peg conversion rate. Given these results, harvesting at a target of 95 DAP should be considered with speed breeding in mind, allowing for the potential of three generations per annum.Gaining access to sufficient greenhouse facilities with highly controllable environments can be difficult if not impossible for many breeding programs. An applied study in the peanut breeding greenhouses was completed utilizing results from the controlled environment data to accurately determine how many days after planting (DAP) until sufficient maturity was reached for peanut seed to be successfully replanted for a subsequent generation. Four harvest timings were used, including 60, 70, 80, and 90 DAP, analyzed in a Latin square design and repeated in a winter and spring season with four blocks and four nested replications in each block. Pods and seeds were harvested, weighed, and replanted to determine viability in a subsequent generation. Substantial differences were seen between winter and spring seasons. Average seed weight increased by 1.7x, 1.8x, 1.5x, and 1.1x for 60, 70, 80, and 90 days respectively between winter and spring trials. Number of seeds germinated (radical emergence) increased 19x, 14.9x, 2.3x, and 1.4x for each harvest day, respectively. Number of mature seeds between winter and spring increased 10x, 16.7x, 2.4x and 1.5x, respectively. Total seed number increased 3.6x, 2.4x, 1.6x, and 1.3x, respectively. Percent of germinated seed between winter and spring trials increased 5x, 6x, 1.5x and 1x for 60, 70, 80, and 90 days respectively. Percentage of total produced seeds which reached maturity increased 2.8x, 6.9x, 1.5x and 1.1x, respectively between winter and spring trials. Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) analyses were run with seed number and maturity with an alpha value of 0.05. No significance was identified in models comparing reps and light effects (block). Seed number formed three significance groups. Difference in mean seed number was not significant between 80- and 90-day treatments, but a significant difference was noted between 60-, 70-, and the 80/90-day grouping. Maturity was also analyzed with HSD means and significance was found in all four harvest groups. In addition to rapid generation time, greenhouse grown germplasm allows for the quick access and analysis of fresh tissue, reducing potential errors as well as overall analysis time. Additionally, greenhouse grown plants allow for quick selection using cell trays to identify promising germplasm and efficiently cull rejects, saving space and time. Germplasm of interest can then utilize environmental and physiological speed breeding methods where generation time can be reduced to around 90 days, comfortably providing three generations per year. Breeding of new lines incorporating genetics from SPT 10-12 and IAC 322 were carried out in order to develop improved late leaf spot (LLS) resistance in peanut. Utilizing marker assisted selection (MAS) to identify presence of markers of interest, selections were able to be made to further development of increased disease resistance while maintaining agronomic qualities through backcrossing. From the SPT 10-12 x Bailey II cross, 25 seeds were collected, 15 germinated, and two were confirmed as F1 hybrids, producing 42 F2 seedlings. Of these, 15 were selected as recombinants or fixable at four loci (Chr7, Chr8-Long, Chr10, and Chr13), with four prioritized for fixation. From these four plants, 35 F3 seeds were collected, and three F3 plants achieved fixation at all loci and were advanced to the F4 generation. The IAC 322 x Bailey II cross produced 16 seeds, with 13 germinating and five confirmed F1 hybrids, resulting in 96 F2 seedlings, of which 24 were selected for fixation at five loci (Chr2-Long, Chr2-Upper, Chr8, Chr13, and FAD2B). Two plants reached priority status and produced 47 F3 seeds, with two plants fixed at all loci and advanced. One plant demonstrated a beneficial red seed coat for future Valencia-type cultivars. A backcross of Bailey II x (SPT 10-12 x Bailey II) yielded 135 BC1F1 seedlings, with 52 confirmed as true BC1F1. Four plants heterozygous at all four loci were allowed to self-fertilize for BC1F2 and were backcrossed to Bailey II. Seven BC1F2 plants were fixed at four introgressions, while 24 were selected for recombination at one locus, and 43 remain segregating for Chr7 and Chr13 introgressions, with Chr8-Long and Chr10 allowed to segregate without genotyping.In addition to identifying traits of interest, MAS can also provide crucial improvements in speed breeding methodologies when combined with other speed breeding techniques. The utilization of modern molecular techniques paired with controlled environments will enable the rapid progression of breeding to meet modern demands.
546 $a English
590 $a School code: 0155
650 4 $a Habits. $3 1961602
650 4 $a Phylogenetics. $3 3561778
650 4 $a Flowers & plants. $3 3564028
650 4 $a Seeds. $3 573605
650 4 $a Genetic engineering. $3 530509
650 4 $a Hybridization. $3 1615790
650 4 $a Generations. $3 586203
650 4 $a Crops. $3 672677
650 4 $a Winter. $3 603950
650 4 $a Genomes. $3 592593
650 4 $a Germplasm. $3 3680751
650 4 $a Cultivars. $3 3762924
650 4 $a Horticulture. $3 555447
650 4 $a Genetic diversity. $3 3685454
650 4 $a Secondary schools. $2 bicssc $3 1556944
650 4 $a Harvest. $3 3559359
650 4 $a Morphology. $3 591167
650 4 $a Peanuts. $3 3462730
650 4 $a Plant sciences. $3 3173832
653 $a Late leaf spot
653 $a Breeding
690 $a 0287
690 $a 0471
690 $a 0479
710 2 $a North Carolina State University. $e degree granting institution. $3 3765716
720 1 $a Dunne, Jeffrey C. $e degree supervisor.
773 0 $t Masters Abstracts International $g 86-09.
790 $a 0155
791 $a M.S
792 $a 2024
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31883957