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Ecological Impacts of Anthropogenic ...

Iriart, Veronica,

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Ecological Impacts of Anthropogenic Stress from a Contemporary Herbicide on Species Interactions Involving Plants /

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Ecological Impacts of Anthropogenic Stress from a Contemporary Herbicide on Species Interactions Involving Plants // Veronica Iriart.
作者:	Iriart, Veronica,
面頁冊數:	1 electronic resource (213 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-05, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-05B.
標題:	Flowers & plants. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31628760
ISBN:	9798346379225

Ecological Impacts of Anthropogenic Stress from a Contemporary Herbicide on Species Interactions Involving Plants /
Iriart, Veronica,

Ecological Impacts of Anthropogenic Stress from a Contemporary Herbicide on Species Interactions Involving Plants /Veronica Iriart. - 1 electronic resource (213 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-05, Section: B.

Global use of herbicides to meet food demands and its associated chemical pollution have surged in recent decades. While the effects of off-target herbicide exposures on some crop species are known, we know little of how wild plants in proximity to agriculture, i.e. at the 'agro-ecological interface', are impacted or how their species interactions tied to essential ecosystem services are likewise affected. Across three dissertation chapters, I investigated these important-yet previously undescribed-ecological consequences of herbicide use. In Chapter 1, I performed a greenhouse experiment to characterize the growth and flowering of 25 plant species common to agro-ecosystems following herbicide exposure via 'drift' (atmospheric chemical movement). In Chapter 2, I focused on a key member of these agro-ecosystems, the legume Trifolium pratense, and conducted a plant-microbe study to investigate the impacts of herbicide drift on the mutualism between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia). I further explored this topic in Chapter 3, where I simultaneously exposed T. pratenseand rhizobia to herbicidal chemicals in the rhizosphere-the region surrounding roots where plants and microbes interact and herbicides can also contaminate-in a microcosm experiment. In all chapters, I used dicamba, a highly-used synthetic auxin herbicide known for off-target movement, to simulate exposures. Results conveyed that despite comprising only ~0.5-1% of what is typically applied in agriculture, off-target dicamba concentrations can significantly impact wild plants and their species interactions. Exposure to dicamba drift inhibited or in some cases enhanced plant growth, depending on the species, and it also had species-specific effects on flowering phenology. As these traits relate to plant-plant competition for resources and pollination, these alterations would probably influence interactions between plant species in nature. Additionally, dicamba exposure either from drift or the rhizosphere reduced the growth promoting benefits of rhizobia, but the degree of reduction depended on rhizobial genotype, and other traits including nitrogen fixation were also mediated by interactions between rhizobial genotypes and the herbicide environment. Altogether, my dissertation relays timely insights into the ecological impacts of off-target herbicide exposures, the biological forces which mediate them, and the evolutionary trajectories that may follow them.

English

ISBN: 9798346379225Subjects--Topical Terms:

3564028
Flowers & plants.

Ecological Impacts of Anthropogenic Stress from a Contemporary Herbicide on Species Interactions Involving Plants /
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520 $a Global use of herbicides to meet food demands and its associated chemical pollution have surged in recent decades. While the effects of off-target herbicide exposures on some crop species are known, we know little of how wild plants in proximity to agriculture, i.e. at the 'agro-ecological interface', are impacted or how their species interactions tied to essential ecosystem services are likewise affected. Across three dissertation chapters, I investigated these important-yet previously undescribed-ecological consequences of herbicide use. In Chapter 1, I performed a greenhouse experiment to characterize the growth and flowering of 25 plant species common to agro-ecosystems following herbicide exposure via 'drift' (atmospheric chemical movement). In Chapter 2, I focused on a key member of these agro-ecosystems, the legume Trifolium pratense, and conducted a plant-microbe study to investigate the impacts of herbicide drift on the mutualism between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia). I further explored this topic in Chapter 3, where I simultaneously exposed T. pratenseand rhizobia to herbicidal chemicals in the rhizosphere-the region surrounding roots where plants and microbes interact and herbicides can also contaminate-in a microcosm experiment. In all chapters, I used dicamba, a highly-used synthetic auxin herbicide known for off-target movement, to simulate exposures. Results conveyed that despite comprising only ~0.5-1% of what is typically applied in agriculture, off-target dicamba concentrations can significantly impact wild plants and their species interactions. Exposure to dicamba drift inhibited or in some cases enhanced plant growth, depending on the species, and it also had species-specific effects on flowering phenology. As these traits relate to plant-plant competition for resources and pollination, these alterations would probably influence interactions between plant species in nature. Additionally, dicamba exposure either from drift or the rhizosphere reduced the growth promoting benefits of rhizobia, but the degree of reduction depended on rhizobial genotype, and other traits including nitrogen fixation were also mediated by interactions between rhizobial genotypes and the herbicide environment. Altogether, my dissertation relays timely insights into the ecological impacts of off-target herbicide exposures, the biological forces which mediate them, and the evolutionary trajectories that may follow them.
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