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Protecting Water Quality and Increasing Resiliency of Crop Production With Climate-Smart Drainage Strategies /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Protecting Water Quality and Increasing Resiliency of Crop Production With Climate-Smart Drainage Strategies // Babak Dialameh.
Author:	Dialameh, Babak,
Description:	1 electronic resource (143 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-01, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-01B.
Subject:	Agricultural engineering. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31336853
ISBN:	9798383570876

Protecting Water Quality and Increasing Resiliency of Crop Production With Climate-Smart Drainage Strategies /
Dialameh, Babak,

Protecting Water Quality and Increasing Resiliency of Crop Production With Climate-Smart Drainage Strategies /Babak Dialameh. - 1 electronic resource (143 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-01, Section: B.

Accurate phosphorus (P) load estimation in subsurface drainage water is critical for assessing the field-scale efficacy of conservation practices and minimizing the environmental impact of P loss from subsurface-drained fields to freshwater bodies like the Great Lakes. Also, to build a more resilient crop production system in a changing climate, it is crucial to understand how future weather patterns affect subsurface drainage design and whether subirrigation will be needed in the future for crop production. In this study, we used high-frequency P concentration measurements to investigate P transport dynamics and evaluate the effects of water sampling strategies on the uncertainty of P load estimation. We also evaluated the change in the optimum drain spacing from using historical (1994-2023) and future (2030- 2059) weather data and assessed the efficacy of subirrigation to alleviate yield reduction due to drought stress in southeast Michigan, USA.We used the HydroCycle-PO4 instrument to measure total reactive P (TRP) concentration at high resolution from a subsurface-drained field, evaluating four hypothetical water sampling strategies: time-proportional discrete and composite sampling, and flow-proportional discrete and composite sampling. All strategies underestimated TRP load compared to the reference dataset, with underestimation ranging from 0.2% to 51% depending on the interval and method. Flowproportional strategies provided more accurate estimates of cumulative P load with fewer samples, capturing more samples at higher flow rates. TRP concentration showed a transport-limited chemodynamic pattern, increasing with flow during events. A 1% increase in drainage discharge led to a 1.36% increase in TRP load, with flow events contributing 89% of P loss and the highest 7.7% of flow transporting 75% of the TRP load. Most flow events (30 out of 36) displayed a flushing effect, indicating preferential flow as a pathway for TRP loss. High-frequency P sampling suggested that management and conservation practices should target flow events to reduce P loss.A total of 27 general circulation models with a moderate greenhouse gas emission scenario (shared socioeconomic pathway 2-4.5) were used for climate projections. Simulations were performed using the DRAINMOD model, and the optimum drain spacing was determined based on the maximum average annual return on investment. Results showed that the projected 30-year average annual precipitation is not expected to change significantly while that of the temperature will increase by 2.5°C in the future. Future optimum drain spacings for depths of 75 cm and 125 cm were found to be 300 cm and 600 cm wider than historical spacings, respectively. On average, there was a 23% decrease in the 30-year average annual drainage discharge, attributed to an average 17% increase in evapotranspiration. Drought stress is projected to be the primary cause of yield loss in the future, due to increased temperatures and an average 8% deeper water-table depth. Subirrigation shows high potential in reducing year-to-year crop yield variability in the future (decreasing the coefficient of variation for the yield from 0.26 to 0.06, on average) and increasing yield by up to 31%. In the past, subirrigation initiation was feasible in late June with a weir depth of 70 cm. However, in the future, subirrigation may have to start sooner in early to mid-June, and weir depth may have to be shallower ranging from 65 cm to 55 cm to be more advantageous. In conclusion, a wider drain spacing, providing reduced drainage intensity, along with subirrigation may be needed in the future to mitigate crop yield loss from drought stress. In conclusion, using future climate projections may allow wider drain spacing to retain more water and reduce drought stress. Without such data, implementing subirrigation could help mitigate potential yield losses from drought.

English

ISBN: 9798383570876Subjects--Topical Terms:

3168406
Agricultural engineering.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Drainage discharge

Protecting Water Quality and Increasing Resiliency of Crop Production With Climate-Smart Drainage Strategies /
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520 $a Accurate phosphorus (P) load estimation in subsurface drainage water is critical for assessing the field-scale efficacy of conservation practices and minimizing the environmental impact of P loss from subsurface-drained fields to freshwater bodies like the Great Lakes. Also, to build a more resilient crop production system in a changing climate, it is crucial to understand how future weather patterns affect subsurface drainage design and whether subirrigation will be needed in the future for crop production. In this study, we used high-frequency P concentration measurements to investigate P transport dynamics and evaluate the effects of water sampling strategies on the uncertainty of P load estimation. We also evaluated the change in the optimum drain spacing from using historical (1994-2023) and future (2030- 2059) weather data and assessed the efficacy of subirrigation to alleviate yield reduction due to drought stress in southeast Michigan, USA.We used the HydroCycle-PO4 instrument to measure total reactive P (TRP) concentration at high resolution from a subsurface-drained field, evaluating four hypothetical water sampling strategies: time-proportional discrete and composite sampling, and flow-proportional discrete and composite sampling. All strategies underestimated TRP load compared to the reference dataset, with underestimation ranging from 0.2% to 51% depending on the interval and method. Flowproportional strategies provided more accurate estimates of cumulative P load with fewer samples, capturing more samples at higher flow rates. TRP concentration showed a transport-limited chemodynamic pattern, increasing with flow during events. A 1% increase in drainage discharge led to a 1.36% increase in TRP load, with flow events contributing 89% of P loss and the highest 7.7% of flow transporting 75% of the TRP load. Most flow events (30 out of 36) displayed a flushing effect, indicating preferential flow as a pathway for TRP loss. High-frequency P sampling suggested that management and conservation practices should target flow events to reduce P loss.A total of 27 general circulation models with a moderate greenhouse gas emission scenario (shared socioeconomic pathway 2-4.5) were used for climate projections. Simulations were performed using the DRAINMOD model, and the optimum drain spacing was determined based on the maximum average annual return on investment. Results showed that the projected 30-year average annual precipitation is not expected to change significantly while that of the temperature will increase by 2.5°C in the future. Future optimum drain spacings for depths of 75 cm and 125 cm were found to be 300 cm and 600 cm wider than historical spacings, respectively. On average, there was a 23% decrease in the 30-year average annual drainage discharge, attributed to an average 17% increase in evapotranspiration. Drought stress is projected to be the primary cause of yield loss in the future, due to increased temperatures and an average 8% deeper water-table depth. Subirrigation shows high potential in reducing year-to-year crop yield variability in the future (decreasing the coefficient of variation for the yield from 0.26 to 0.06, on average) and increasing yield by up to 31%. In the past, subirrigation initiation was feasible in late June with a weir depth of 70 cm. However, in the future, subirrigation may have to start sooner in early to mid-June, and weir depth may have to be shallower ranging from 65 cm to 55 cm to be more advantageous. In conclusion, a wider drain spacing, providing reduced drainage intensity, along with subirrigation may be needed in the future to mitigate crop yield loss from drought stress. In conclusion, using future climate projections may allow wider drain spacing to retain more water and reduce drought stress. Without such data, implementing subirrigation could help mitigate potential yield losses from drought.
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