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Taming the Army: Military Mobilizati...

Ha, Yiming,

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Taming the Army: Military Mobilization, Empire-Building, and the Mongol Transformation of China, 1264-1644 CE /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Taming the Army: Military Mobilization, Empire-Building, and the Mongol Transformation of China, 1264-1644 CE // Yiming Ha.
Author:	Ha, Yiming,
Description:	1 electronic resource (365 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-12A.
Subject:	History. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31330286
ISBN:	9798382816821

Taming the Army: Military Mobilization, Empire-Building, and the Mongol Transformation of China, 1264-1644 CE /
Ha, Yiming,

Taming the Army: Military Mobilization, Empire-Building, and the Mongol Transformation of China, 1264-1644 CE /Yiming Ha. - 1 electronic resource (365 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: A.

This dissertation studies the relationship between military mobilization and empire-building in China during the Mongol-Yuan (1260/1271-1368) and the Ming (1368-1644) dynasties. Utilizing central-level sources such as court annals, dynastic histories, statecraft memorials, and legal sub-statutes, as well as local sources such as commemorative accounts of local actors, military tracts, and gazetteer records, it traces the rise and fall of hereditary military service, which was introduced by the Mongols to China, between the mid-thirteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Although hereditary military service played an important role in both empires, the Yuan and Ming also ultimately moved away from it in favor of other methods of mobilization. While previous scholarship has often viewed this transition in terms of decline and collapse, I instead argue that we should see changes and adjustments to the military as signs of the state's flexibility and resolve in adapting to new socioeconomic conditions, changing patterns of warfare, and new institutional realities By exploring changing military policies and institutions, this study considers how the late imperial Chinese state mobilized resources to achieve its military goals and the long-term impact that military institutions had on war-making, fiscal institutions, and the organizational capacities of the bureaucracy.This dissertation first studies how the Mongol-Yuan adapted their institutions to function in sedentary China and to respond to new challenges. Contrary to the view that the Mongol military machine declined soon after conquering China, I argue that the court's actions were on the whole successful in maintaining the strength of the military, allowing the bulk of the Yuan garrisons to participate in military campaigns and in the suppression of rebels well into the mid-1350s. It was not impoverishment of soldiers or desertion that caused the Yuan's military collapse, but rather the disruption of a powerful patronage network that permeated the civil and military apparatus. This was the result of an institutional shift in which military power devolved into the hands of powerful ministers. This dissertation then turns its attention to the Ming. The Ming military has often been portrayed as a monolithic and static entity dominated by a dynastic constitution from the founding emperor. However, I argue that the Ming state's retention of the Mongol-Yuan hereditary military household system encountered new difficulties in the face of shifting geopolitical conditions as well as recurring old problems that was inherent to the institution itself. To resolve these issues, the Ming leadership responded in both familiar and innovative ways. Nonetheless, the Ming ultimately abandoned the system of hereditary military conscription it inherited from the Yuan and devised new organizational, strategic, and fiscal strategies to cope with the evolving threats it faced along its northern frontier and southeastern coastline. Finally, by engaging with scholarship with other parts of Eurasia, this dissertation places China within a broader Eurasian context of warmaking and empire-building. It does so by comparing the Mongol-Yuan with its sedentary cousin the Ilkhanate in Persia and the Ming with another post-Mongol empire, Muscovy Russia. In doing so, it sheds light on how the Mongols adapted their military to function in sedentary conditions and to respond to new geopolitical threats. It also reveals how post-Mongol polities grappled with their Mongol institutional heritage, utilizing both similar and different methods.

English

ISBN: 9798382816821Subjects--Topical Terms:

516518
History.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Military institutions

Taming the Army: Military Mobilization, Empire-Building, and the Mongol Transformation of China, 1264-1644 CE /
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520 $a This dissertation studies the relationship between military mobilization and empire-building in China during the Mongol-Yuan (1260/1271-1368) and the Ming (1368-1644) dynasties. Utilizing central-level sources such as court annals, dynastic histories, statecraft memorials, and legal sub-statutes, as well as local sources such as commemorative accounts of local actors, military tracts, and gazetteer records, it traces the rise and fall of hereditary military service, which was introduced by the Mongols to China, between the mid-thirteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Although hereditary military service played an important role in both empires, the Yuan and Ming also ultimately moved away from it in favor of other methods of mobilization. While previous scholarship has often viewed this transition in terms of decline and collapse, I instead argue that we should see changes and adjustments to the military as signs of the state's flexibility and resolve in adapting to new socioeconomic conditions, changing patterns of warfare, and new institutional realities By exploring changing military policies and institutions, this study considers how the late imperial Chinese state mobilized resources to achieve its military goals and the long-term impact that military institutions had on war-making, fiscal institutions, and the organizational capacities of the bureaucracy.This dissertation first studies how the Mongol-Yuan adapted their institutions to function in sedentary China and to respond to new challenges. Contrary to the view that the Mongol military machine declined soon after conquering China, I argue that the court's actions were on the whole successful in maintaining the strength of the military, allowing the bulk of the Yuan garrisons to participate in military campaigns and in the suppression of rebels well into the mid-1350s. It was not impoverishment of soldiers or desertion that caused the Yuan's military collapse, but rather the disruption of a powerful patronage network that permeated the civil and military apparatus. This was the result of an institutional shift in which military power devolved into the hands of powerful ministers. This dissertation then turns its attention to the Ming. The Ming military has often been portrayed as a monolithic and static entity dominated by a dynastic constitution from the founding emperor. However, I argue that the Ming state's retention of the Mongol-Yuan hereditary military household system encountered new difficulties in the face of shifting geopolitical conditions as well as recurring old problems that was inherent to the institution itself. To resolve these issues, the Ming leadership responded in both familiar and innovative ways. Nonetheless, the Ming ultimately abandoned the system of hereditary military conscription it inherited from the Yuan and devised new organizational, strategic, and fiscal strategies to cope with the evolving threats it faced along its northern frontier and southeastern coastline. Finally, by engaging with scholarship with other parts of Eurasia, this dissertation places China within a broader Eurasian context of warmaking and empire-building. It does so by comparing the Mongol-Yuan with its sedentary cousin the Ilkhanate in Persia and the Ming with another post-Mongol empire, Muscovy Russia. In doing so, it sheds light on how the Mongols adapted their military to function in sedentary conditions and to respond to new geopolitical threats. It also reveals how post-Mongol polities grappled with their Mongol institutional heritage, utilizing both similar and different methods.
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