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Towards Improved Designs of Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Projects that Follow Multi-Pathway Approaches /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Towards Improved Designs of Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Projects that Follow Multi-Pathway Approaches // Arturo A Mayorga-Martinez.
Author:	Mayorga-Martinez, Arturo A.,
Description:	1 electronic resource (268 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-04B.
Subject:	User interface. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31527232
ISBN:	9798342120821

Towards Improved Designs of Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Projects that Follow Multi-Pathway Approaches /
Mayorga-Martinez, Arturo A.,

Towards Improved Designs of Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Projects that Follow Multi-Pathway Approaches /Arturo A Mayorga-Martinez. - 1 electronic resource (268 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.

Despite the agricultural efforts to produce calorically dense staple crops, a significant part of the global population still suffers from malnutrition. This thesis aimed to explore different forms of malnutrition: deficiencies of micronutrients (i.e., vitamins and minerals) and macronutrient malnutrition (i.e., proteins deficiency, and overnutrition as overweight and obesity); how agriculture has been transformed into a highly complex scheme aiming at improving the nutritional status in a sustainable way: the nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) approach; and how to develop a tool that systematizes the decision-making process in NSA projects and overcomes the difficulties in the tasks of designing them.We found that current NSA projects have been designed mostly within the food production aspect, such as diversification of agricultural production or nutrition-sensitive livestock. To assess the impact of NSA projects, individual- and household-level dietary indicators (e.g., Minimum Dietary Diversity for women of reproductive age (MDD-W) and for young children (MDD-C), household dietary diversity score (HDDS)), have been common selections, as well as nutritional status indicators (e.g., iron status, stunting, wasting). In some studies, indicators have been inappropriately used, for instance, HDDS as a measure of diet quality, when it determines food access. This can be attributed to the difficulty in keeping track of what numerous indicators do and do not reflect. Well-designed, targeted, and implanted NSA projects are successful when they integrate components from different sectors, such as agriculture, women's empowerment, water, sanitation and hygiene, rather than nutrition issues alone, hence the complexity in their design. The multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods have helped solve agriculture-related problems, but, to our knowledge, they have not been used for the complex tasks of designing NSA projects.We integrated the Entropy-based Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), an MCDA method, into the development of an algorithm that helps select the most suitable types of interventions, metrics and indicators, given the context of a project. This tool, anticipated to be designed as a smartphone application, was validated using published NSA studies, comparing what types of interventions the authors chose to implement versus the ones that the algorithm suggested, obtaining Kendall's correlation coefficients (τ) from τ = 0.9263 to τ = 0.9895. We also compared the indicators that the authors used to measure outcomes and impacts versus the ones that the algorithm awarded with more points. Our algorithm addresses the gap related to the convolution of NSA projects that follow multi-pathway approaches, by making it easier to keep track of what each metric and indicator reflect to avoid making erroneous selections. The blueprints of the smartphone application were presented, among its main features.By using our algorithm, we concluded that a Nutrition education intervention was the most suitable (closeness value of cv = 0.6157) for Jesus de Menchaca, a Bolivian community. Therefore, a behavior change communication program was designed, considering the traditional dishes that people already consume in that community. Three of the indicators that our algorithm suggested (MDD-W, MDD-C, HDDS) can be assessed with 'DQ Tracker', a convenient smartphone application developed by our team that has been validated against the 24-h recall, the conventional and time-consuming methodology.The results of this study are expected to enhance the design of NSA interventions by avoiding the wrong use of metrics and indicators, and it is also expected to make the task less overwhelming for managers, designers, and stakeholders.

English

ISBN: 9798342120821Subjects--Topical Terms:

3681528
User interface.

Towards Improved Designs of Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Projects that Follow Multi-Pathway Approaches /
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520 $a Despite the agricultural efforts to produce calorically dense staple crops, a significant part of the global population still suffers from malnutrition. This thesis aimed to explore different forms of malnutrition: deficiencies of micronutrients (i.e., vitamins and minerals) and macronutrient malnutrition (i.e., proteins deficiency, and overnutrition as overweight and obesity); how agriculture has been transformed into a highly complex scheme aiming at improving the nutritional status in a sustainable way: the nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) approach; and how to develop a tool that systematizes the decision-making process in NSA projects and overcomes the difficulties in the tasks of designing them.We found that current NSA projects have been designed mostly within the food production aspect, such as diversification of agricultural production or nutrition-sensitive livestock. To assess the impact of NSA projects, individual- and household-level dietary indicators (e.g., Minimum Dietary Diversity for women of reproductive age (MDD-W) and for young children (MDD-C), household dietary diversity score (HDDS)), have been common selections, as well as nutritional status indicators (e.g., iron status, stunting, wasting). In some studies, indicators have been inappropriately used, for instance, HDDS as a measure of diet quality, when it determines food access. This can be attributed to the difficulty in keeping track of what numerous indicators do and do not reflect. Well-designed, targeted, and implanted NSA projects are successful when they integrate components from different sectors, such as agriculture, women's empowerment, water, sanitation and hygiene, rather than nutrition issues alone, hence the complexity in their design. The multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods have helped solve agriculture-related problems, but, to our knowledge, they have not been used for the complex tasks of designing NSA projects.We integrated the Entropy-based Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), an MCDA method, into the development of an algorithm that helps select the most suitable types of interventions, metrics and indicators, given the context of a project. This tool, anticipated to be designed as a smartphone application, was validated using published NSA studies, comparing what types of interventions the authors chose to implement versus the ones that the algorithm suggested, obtaining Kendall's correlation coefficients (τ) from τ = 0.9263 to τ = 0.9895. We also compared the indicators that the authors used to measure outcomes and impacts versus the ones that the algorithm awarded with more points. Our algorithm addresses the gap related to the convolution of NSA projects that follow multi-pathway approaches, by making it easier to keep track of what each metric and indicator reflect to avoid making erroneous selections. The blueprints of the smartphone application were presented, among its main features.By using our algorithm, we concluded that a Nutrition education intervention was the most suitable (closeness value of cv = 0.6157) for Jesus de Menchaca, a Bolivian community. Therefore, a behavior change communication program was designed, considering the traditional dishes that people already consume in that community. Three of the indicators that our algorithm suggested (MDD-W, MDD-C, HDDS) can be assessed with 'DQ Tracker', a convenient smartphone application developed by our team that has been validated against the 24-h recall, the conventional and time-consuming methodology.The results of this study are expected to enhance the design of NSA interventions by avoiding the wrong use of metrics and indicators, and it is also expected to make the task less overwhelming for managers, designers, and stakeholders.
520 $a Malgre les efforts agricoles visant a produire des cultures de base a forte densite calorique, une partie importante de la population mondiale souffre toujours de malnutrition. Cette these vise a explorer : des differentes formes de malnutrition comme les carences en micronutriments (vitamines et mineraux) et la malnutrition en macronutriments (carence en proteines ou surnutrition menant au surpoids et a l'obesite) ; comment l'agriculture a ete transformee en un programme visant a ameliorer l'etat nutritionnel de maniere durable que l'on identifie comme l'approche de l'agriculture sensible a la nutrition (NSA) ; et comment developper un outil qui systematise le processus de prise de decision dans les projets NSA et comment surmonter les difficultes liees la conception de ces projets.Presentement, les projets NSA sont principalement orientes vers le domaine de la production alimentaire, comme la diversification de la production agricole ou l'elevage sensible a la nutrition. L'evaluation de l'impact de ces projets NSA est generalement fait a partir d'indicateurs alimentaires aux niveaux individuel et familial (e.g. diversite alimentaire minimale pour les femmes en age de procreer (MDD-W), pour les jeunes enfants (MDD-C), ou encore, en utilisant le score de diversite alimentaire des menages (HDDS)), et des indicateurs de l'etat nutritionnel (e.g. statut en fer, retard de croissance, emaciation). Dans certaines etudes, des indicateurs ont ete utilises de maniere inappropriee car ceux-ci sont souvent mal definis. Pour reussir, les projets NSA bien concus doivent integrer des composantes de differents secteurs, tels que l'agriculture, l'autonomisation des femmes, l'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygiene. Les methodes d'analyse decisionnelle multicritere (MCDA) ont permis de resoudre des problemes lies a l'agriculture, mais, a notre connaissance, elles n'ont pas encore ete utilisees pour la conception de projets NSA.Nous avons utilise une methode MCDA basee sur l'entropie pour la preference de commande par similarite avec une solution ideale (TOPSIS) pour developper un algorithme qui aide a selectionner les types d'interventions, les metriques et les indicateurs qui tiennent comptes du contexte d'un projet NSA. Cet outil, concu pour etre utilise sur un smartphone, a ete valide a l'aide de resultats publies de projets NSA. Ceci nous a permis de comparer les types d'interventions que les auteurs avaient choisi a celles suggerees par l'algorithme et nous avons obtenu des coefficients de correlation de Kendall (τ) de τ = 0,9263 a τ. = 0,9895. Nous avons egalement compare les indicateurs utilises par les auteurs pour mesurer les resultats avec ceux choisi par l'algorithme. Notre algorithme a permis de combler l'ecart lie a la convolution des projets de la NSA qui suivent des approches multivoies, ce qui a facilite le suivi precis de ce que refletent chaque metrique et indicateur choisis et d'eviter de faire des selections erronees. Une version preliminaire de l'application pour smartphone a ete presentee et testes.L'utilisation de l'algorithme, nous a propose qu'une intervention d'education nutritionnelle etait la plus appropriee (valeur de proximite de cv = 0,6157) pour regler les problemes de mal nutrition de la communaute bolivienne de Jesus de Menchaca. Par consequent, un programme de communication a ete mis en place pour modifier le comportement alimentaire en tenant compte des plats traditionnels. Les trois indicateurs de performance suggeres par l'algorithme etaient le MDD-W, le MDD-C, et le HDDS. Ces trois indicateurs peuvent etre pris en charge par l'application « DQ Tracker », une application pour smartphone developpee par notre equipe. Cette derniere a ete validee par rapport au rappel de 24 heures, au rappel conventionnel et a la methodologie chronophage.
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