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Water Quality and Reliability in Low...

Sosa Moreno, Andrea,

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Water Quality and Reliability in Low-Resource Settings /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Water Quality and Reliability in Low-Resource Settings // Andrea Sosa Moreno.
Author:	Sosa Moreno, Andrea,
Description:	1 electronic resource (133 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-03B.
Subject:	Public health. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31631026
ISBN:	9798384041757

Water Quality and Reliability in Low-Resource Settings /
Sosa Moreno, Andrea,

Water Quality and Reliability in Low-Resource Settings /Andrea Sosa Moreno. - 1 electronic resource (133 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.

Access to safely managed water is essential for public health and is a key objective of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, two billion people worldwide still lack access to safe water, most located in low-income settings. This dissertation is divided into 3 research aims. Each contributes to the global efforts towards achieving the 2030 SDGs by addressing challenges associated with water quality and water intermittency in low-income settings.Aim 1 assesses the impacts of intermittent water supply (IWS) systems on household coping strategies. We used an explanatory sequential mixed-method design to combine household surveys and in-depth interviews across three communities in northwestern Ecuador. Our results suggest that intermittent water systems erode trust in piped water, prompting households to adopt coping strategies that have their risks and costs.Aim 2 compares low and high-precision methods for assessing water quality. Low-precision methods are generally more affordable, faster, and simpler to implement in low-resource settings. We used data from UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), including 11 low-income regions worldwide, and the Ecuavida cohort in Ecuador to assess the statistical power of different water quality assessment methods. Our results suggest that low-precision methods that provide categorical E. coli concentration levels, such as the combined use of Colilert presence-absence (IDEXX laboratories, Westbrook, Maine) and PetriFilm (3M, St. Paul, Minnesota) tests, can provide useful measures of water quality in low-resource settings.Aim 3 assesses the association between household piped water intermittency and piped water quality at the point-of-use. We analyzed drinking piped water samples from six communities in northern Ecuador using Colilert presence-absence (IDEXX laboratories, Westbrook, Maine) and PetriFilm (3M, St. Paul, Minnesota) tests. Our results suggest that water intermittency itself may not be directly associated with increased contamination of piped water. However, households' coping strategies, such as water storage, could contribute to the contamination of water at the point of use.The findings from this dissertation suggest that in low-income settings, having access to piped water does not necessarily eliminate disease risk. Many of these systems are inadequately designed and fail to meet user demand, resulting in IWS and low-quality water. Implementing low-precision low-cost methods to assess water quality can help scale up water quality assessment, enabling broader and more consistent surveillance. Better surveillance in turn can help identify where to efficiently invest resources to improve the reliability of water supply. These joint efforts will move us towards reaching the SDGs.

English

ISBN: 9798384041757Subjects--Topical Terms:

534748
Public health.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Piped water

Water Quality and Reliability in Low-Resource Settings /
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520 $a Access to safely managed water is essential for public health and is a key objective of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, two billion people worldwide still lack access to safe water, most located in low-income settings. This dissertation is divided into 3 research aims. Each contributes to the global efforts towards achieving the 2030 SDGs by addressing challenges associated with water quality and water intermittency in low-income settings.Aim 1 assesses the impacts of intermittent water supply (IWS) systems on household coping strategies. We used an explanatory sequential mixed-method design to combine household surveys and in-depth interviews across three communities in northwestern Ecuador. Our results suggest that intermittent water systems erode trust in piped water, prompting households to adopt coping strategies that have their risks and costs.Aim 2 compares low and high-precision methods for assessing water quality. Low-precision methods are generally more affordable, faster, and simpler to implement in low-resource settings. We used data from UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), including 11 low-income regions worldwide, and the Ecuavida cohort in Ecuador to assess the statistical power of different water quality assessment methods. Our results suggest that low-precision methods that provide categorical E. coli concentration levels, such as the combined use of Colilert presence-absence (IDEXX laboratories, Westbrook, Maine) and PetriFilm (3M, St. Paul, Minnesota) tests, can provide useful measures of water quality in low-resource settings.Aim 3 assesses the association between household piped water intermittency and piped water quality at the point-of-use. We analyzed drinking piped water samples from six communities in northern Ecuador using Colilert presence-absence (IDEXX laboratories, Westbrook, Maine) and PetriFilm (3M, St. Paul, Minnesota) tests. Our results suggest that water intermittency itself may not be directly associated with increased contamination of piped water. However, households' coping strategies, such as water storage, could contribute to the contamination of water at the point of use.The findings from this dissertation suggest that in low-income settings, having access to piped water does not necessarily eliminate disease risk. Many of these systems are inadequately designed and fail to meet user demand, resulting in IWS and low-quality water. Implementing low-precision low-cost methods to assess water quality can help scale up water quality assessment, enabling broader and more consistent surveillance. Better surveillance in turn can help identify where to efficiently invest resources to improve the reliability of water supply. These joint efforts will move us towards reaching the SDGs.
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590 $a School code: 0127
650 4 $a Public health. $3 534748
650 4 $a Environmental science. $3 677245
650 4 $a Epidemiology. $3 568544
650 4 $a Water resources management. $3 794747
653 $a Piped water
653 $a Water intermittency
653 $a Drinking water
653 $a Intermittent water supply
653 $a Water quality
690 $a 0766
690 $a 0768
690 $a 0573
690 $a 0595
710 2 $a University of Michigan. $b Epidemiological Science. $e degree granting institution. $3 3824481
720 1 $a Eisenberg, Joseph N. S. $e degree supervisor.
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 86-03B.
790 $a 0127
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2024
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