東華大學圖書館 |

Conservation and Genetic Improvement of>Shea Tree (Vitellaria Paradoxa C.F. Gaertn) in>Cote D'Ivoire /

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Conservation and Genetic Improvement of>Shea Tree (Vitellaria Paradoxa C.F. Gaertn) in>Cote D'Ivoire // Affi Jean Paul Attikora.
作者:	Attikora, Affi Jean Paul,
面頁冊數:	1 electronic resource (230 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-12A.
標題:	Phylogenetics. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=32023219
ISBN:	9798286421121

Conservation and Genetic Improvement of>Shea Tree (Vitellaria Paradoxa C.F. Gaertn) in>Cote D'Ivoire /
Attikora, Affi Jean Paul,

Conservation and Genetic Improvement of>Shea Tree (Vitellaria Paradoxa C.F. Gaertn) in>Cote D'Ivoire /Affi Jean Paul Attikora. - 1 electronic resource (230 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: A.

Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) is a vital indigenous African species with significant economic, social and environmental importance. Despite the economic importance of shea butter as a multipurpose product, research efforts toward the genetic improvement of the shea tree have remained limited. In addition, the species faces multiple threats from biotic and abiotic pressures, which compromise both its natural populations and the sustainable supply of shea butter. Addressing these challenges requires dedicated conservation and breeding efforts to unlock the full economic potential of the species.The general objective of this study was to provide scientific solutions for the sustainable management and efficient utilization of shea tree genetic resources in Cote d'Ivoire. Specifically, the study aimed to: (1) establish an ex situcore collection for conservation and breeding, (2) identify genetic markers associated with shea butter production, and (3) develop vegetative propagation techniques to support domestication.To achieve these objectives, research was conducted on superior shea trees (SSTs) from the Bagoue, Hambol, Poro, and Tchologo regions, selected through participatory surveys to form an in situcollection. The study revealed significant conservation challenges: 8% of the identified superior trees were dead three years after the identification and 84% were heavily infested with parasitic plants of the Loranthaceae family, threatening the long-term viability of the collection. These findings underscore the need for a dual conservation strategy, integrating both in situand ex situ approaches, to safeguard shea genetic resources. The establishment of an ex situcollection that captures high genetic diversity is critical for long-term conservation and breeding programs.Prior to genetic analysis, a novel protocol was developed to extract high-quality, high-yield genomic DNA from both roots and leaves. DNA yield varied by tissue type, with higher concentrations obtained from leaves (5.17 µg) compared to roots (3.96 µg) per 100 mg of tissue. The extracted DNA was successfully used for downstream applications, including SSR-PCR, ISSR-PCR, RAPD-PCR, restriction enzyme digestion, and Sanger sequencing.Genetic diversity was assessed using 12 morphological traits and 7,559 SNP markers on 220 and 333 SSTs, respectively. The study revealed substantial morphological variation (Shannon diversity index: 0.55-0.98) and moderate genetic diversity (HE = 0.26; PIC = 0.24). Both morphological and molecular analyses clustered the population into three distinct genetic groups. AMOVA based on SNP markers indicated that 100% of the variation occurred within individuals, with a low fixation index (Fst = 0.004), suggesting minimal genetic differentiation. This genetic diversity facilitated the selection of a core collection of 100 trees (30% of the original population) while maintaining full allelic and morphological variation, ensuring its utility for long-term conservation and breeding initiatives.Furthermore, six multi-locus genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods identified 25 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with shea butter traits and 24 candidate genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. Oleic and stearic acids were the predominant fatty acids (85-90%), with regional variations influencing shea butter quality.

English

ISBN: 9798286421121Subjects--Topical Terms:

3561778
Phylogenetics.

Conservation and Genetic Improvement of>Shea Tree (Vitellaria Paradoxa C.F. Gaertn) in>Cote D'Ivoire /
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520 $a Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) is a vital indigenous African species with significant economic, social and environmental importance. Despite the economic importance of shea butter as a multipurpose product, research efforts toward the genetic improvement of the shea tree have remained limited. In addition, the species faces multiple threats from biotic and abiotic pressures, which compromise both its natural populations and the sustainable supply of shea butter. Addressing these challenges requires dedicated conservation and breeding efforts to unlock the full economic potential of the species.The general objective of this study was to provide scientific solutions for the sustainable management and efficient utilization of shea tree genetic resources in Cote d'Ivoire. Specifically, the study aimed to: (1) establish an ex situcore collection for conservation and breeding, (2) identify genetic markers associated with shea butter production, and (3) develop vegetative propagation techniques to support domestication.To achieve these objectives, research was conducted on superior shea trees (SSTs) from the Bagoue, Hambol, Poro, and Tchologo regions, selected through participatory surveys to form an in situcollection. The study revealed significant conservation challenges: 8% of the identified superior trees were dead three years after the identification and 84% were heavily infested with parasitic plants of the Loranthaceae family, threatening the long-term viability of the collection. These findings underscore the need for a dual conservation strategy, integrating both in situand ex situ approaches, to safeguard shea genetic resources. The establishment of an ex situcollection that captures high genetic diversity is critical for long-term conservation and breeding programs.Prior to genetic analysis, a novel protocol was developed to extract high-quality, high-yield genomic DNA from both roots and leaves. DNA yield varied by tissue type, with higher concentrations obtained from leaves (5.17 µg) compared to roots (3.96 µg) per 100 mg of tissue. The extracted DNA was successfully used for downstream applications, including SSR-PCR, ISSR-PCR, RAPD-PCR, restriction enzyme digestion, and Sanger sequencing.Genetic diversity was assessed using 12 morphological traits and 7,559 SNP markers on 220 and 333 SSTs, respectively. The study revealed substantial morphological variation (Shannon diversity index: 0.55-0.98) and moderate genetic diversity (HE = 0.26; PIC = 0.24). Both morphological and molecular analyses clustered the population into three distinct genetic groups. AMOVA based on SNP markers indicated that 100% of the variation occurred within individuals, with a low fixation index (Fst = 0.004), suggesting minimal genetic differentiation. This genetic diversity facilitated the selection of a core collection of 100 trees (30% of the original population) while maintaining full allelic and morphological variation, ensuring its utility for long-term conservation and breeding initiatives.Furthermore, six multi-locus genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods identified 25 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with shea butter traits and 24 candidate genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. Oleic and stearic acids were the predominant fatty acids (85-90%), with regional variations influencing shea butter quality.
520 $a Le karite (Vitellaria paradoxa) est une espece indigene africaine essentielle, presentant une importance economique, sociale et environnementale significative. Malgre la valeur economique du beurre de karite en tant que produit a multiples usages, les efforts de recherche consacres a l'amelioration genetique du karite restent limites. De plus, l'espece est confrontee a de multiples menaces dues aux pressions biotiques et abiotiques, compromettant a la fois ses populations naturelles et l'approvisionnement durable en beurre de karite. Faire face a ces defis necessite des efforts cibles de conservation et d'amelioration genetique afin d'exploiter pleinement le potentiel economique de l'espece.L'objectif general de cette etude etait de fournir des solutions scientifiques pour la gestion durable et l'utilisation rationnelle des ressources genetiques du karite en Cote d'Ivoire. Plus precisement, l'etude visait a : (1) etablir une collection de reference ex situpour la conservation et l'amelioration genetique, (2) identifier des marqueurs genetiques associes a la production de beurre de karite, et (3) developper des techniques de propagation vegetative pour soutenir la domestication.Pour atteindre ces objectifs, des recherches ont ete menees sur des arbres de karite superieurs (Superior Shea Trees,SSTs) issus des regions de Bagoue, Hambol, Poro et Tchologo, selectionnes a travers des enquetes participatives pour constituer une collection in situ. L'etude a revele des defis majeurs en matiere de conservation : 8 % des arbres superieurs identifies etaient morts trois ans apres l'identification et 84 % etaient fortement infestes par des plantes parasites de la famille des Loranthaceae, mettant en peril la viabilite a long terme de la collection. Ces resultats soulignent la necessite d'une strategie de double conservation, integrant a la fois des approches in situet ex situ,pour preserver les ressources genetiques du karite. L'etablissement d'une collection ex situcapturant une diversite genetique elevee est crucial pour la conservation et les programmes d'amelioration a long terme.Avant l'analyse genetique, un protocole innovant a ete developpe pour l'extraction d'ADN genomique de haute qualite et a haut rendement a partir de racines et de feuilles. Le rendement en ADN variait selon le type de tissu, avec des concentrations plus elevees dans les feuilles (5,17 µg) que dans les racines (3,96 µg) pour 100 mg de tissu. L'ADN extrait a ete utilise avec succes pour des applications en aval, notamment le SSR-PCR, ISSR-PCR, RAPD-PCR, la digestion enzymatique et le sequencage Sanger.L'analyse de la diversite genetique, basee sur 12 caracteres morphologiques et 7 559 marqueurs SNP chez respectivement 220 et 333 SSTs, a revele une variation morphologique importante (indice de diversite de Shannon : 0,55-0,98) ainsi qu'une diversite genetique moderee (HE = 0,26 ; PIC = 0,24). Les analyses morphologiques et moleculaires ont permis de regrouper la population en trois groupes genetiques distincts. L'AMOVA, basee sur les marqueurs SNP, a montre que 100 % de la variation etait intra-individuelle, avec un indice de fixation faible (Fst = 0,004), indiquant une differenciation genetique minimale. Cette diversite genetique a facilite la selection d'une collection de base de 100 arbres (30 % de la population initiale), capturant l'ensemble de la variation allelique et morphologique, assurant ainsi son utilite pour la conservation et l'amelioration a long terme.
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650 4 $a Agricultural production. $3 3559355
650 4 $a Food. $3 551593
650 4 $a Flowers & plants. $3 3564028
650 4 $a Fatty acids. $3 897910
650 4 $a Biodiversity. $3 627066
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650 4 $a Genes. $3 600676
650 4 $a Carbon sequestration. $3 601998
650 4 $a Seeds. $3 573605
650 4 $a Trees. $3 516384
650 4 $a Deoxyribonucleic acid--DNA. $3 3546879
650 4 $a Cosmetics. $3 910868
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650 4 $a Plant sciences. $3 3173832
650 4 $a Sub Saharan Africa studies. $3 3172272
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