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Building Landscapes in Western Suffolk; Understanding Natural Resource Management Through Vernacular Architecture /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Building Landscapes in Western Suffolk; Understanding Natural Resource Management Through Vernacular Architecture // Sarah Breiter.
Author:	Breiter, Sarah,
Description:	1 electronic resource (426 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-02B.
Subject:	Archaeology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31487800
ISBN:	9798384019763

Building Landscapes in Western Suffolk; Understanding Natural Resource Management Through Vernacular Architecture /
Breiter, Sarah,

Building Landscapes in Western Suffolk; Understanding Natural Resource Management Through Vernacular Architecture /Sarah Breiter. - 1 electronic resource (426 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.

This dissertation investigates the relationship between access to natural resources, sustainability, and social change. I examine how nonelite people depended on, maintained, and exploited environmental landscapes to construct housing, outbuildings, and businesses. Builders construct vernacular architecture, or traditionally constructed buildings, by using locally available ecological resources controlled by landowners. These landholders determine how resources are managed, allocated, and restricted to the communities who depend on them. Vernacular architecture provides evidence of these relations at specific, diagnostic points in time. Distinct phases of construction provide a visible timeline of material access and use. The results of this project have important implications for understanding how both social and environmental factors impact widespread use of natural resources. This project also addresses the interplay between vernacular building traditions and the sustainable, long-term management of eco-systems that provide building materials.Western Suffolk is a region with diverse ecological resources and settlement types. This region experienced a major social and economic change during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. In 1538, the Abbey of St. Edmunds, the largest landlord in the region, was dispossessed and its lands were sold off. After over 500 years of controlling most of the region's natural resources, these landscapes were divided and sold off to private landowners. Before, during, and after this transition, a socially middling group including farmers, yeoman, and merchants constructed businesses and dwellings utilizing locally accessible natural resources. These hundreds of surviving buildings provide evidence of how environmental resources were allocated during different periods of landownership. This dissertation examines how the builders and carpenters used material resources to construct these buildings between 1400 and 1700.I surveyed thirty buildings in western Suffolk from different settlements dating to this period. These buildings provided evidence of both continuity and change in natural resource use. Larger timbers, the primary supports in the building, were consistent in size throughout the period. In contrast, secondary supports, such as studs became increasingly small throughout the period in many settlements. The practice of reusing timber was an established method of conserving materials but did not become important in urban contexts until later on. Overall, there is evidence for a woodland system that was managed to produce timber of specific sizes for carpenters to use. However, these woodlands were initially restricted by the abbey. After the abbey was dissolved, woodlands opened for increased use by nonelite people provided they had the financial means to purchase timber directly, or buy timber rights. Technological change as well as the abbey's destruction also increased nonelite access to other materials, such as brick and reused limestone, which appear from the mid-sixteenth century onwards. At the same time, private landlords were enclosing former open lands and pastures in some areas of western Suffolk, which alienated those nonelite people who could not afford to purchase land or natural resources. This indicates that there may have been a change in how resources were allocated in avenues that cannot be seen through building frameworks; specifically, the resources that were freely available to non-wealthy, nonelite people. While wealthier yeoman and merchants were able to access timber and build greater quantity, another class of people were struggling for their rights to feed their animals and by extension themselves. This may indicate a shifting class dynamic between the middle classes and lower classes who relied more heavily on common lands.There is evidence that by the end of the period, timber-framed buildings changed in standards and quality. The latest building in the sample, dating to the early 1700s, no longer utilizes 5consistent timbers and relies heavily on secondhand materials. This may indicate that woodlands were depleted, or once again heavily restricted, by the end of the period. The increase in building, increased population, paired with the post-industrial, economic decline of Suffolk may have also contributed to this shift in building patterns.

English

ISBN: 9798384019763Subjects--Topical Terms:

558412
Archaeology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Political ecology

Building Landscapes in Western Suffolk; Understanding Natural Resource Management Through Vernacular Architecture /
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520 $a This dissertation investigates the relationship between access to natural resources, sustainability, and social change. I examine how nonelite people depended on, maintained, and exploited environmental landscapes to construct housing, outbuildings, and businesses. Builders construct vernacular architecture, or traditionally constructed buildings, by using locally available ecological resources controlled by landowners. These landholders determine how resources are managed, allocated, and restricted to the communities who depend on them. Vernacular architecture provides evidence of these relations at specific, diagnostic points in time. Distinct phases of construction provide a visible timeline of material access and use. The results of this project have important implications for understanding how both social and environmental factors impact widespread use of natural resources. This project also addresses the interplay between vernacular building traditions and the sustainable, long-term management of eco-systems that provide building materials.Western Suffolk is a region with diverse ecological resources and settlement types. This region experienced a major social and economic change during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. In 1538, the Abbey of St. Edmunds, the largest landlord in the region, was dispossessed and its lands were sold off. After over 500 years of controlling most of the region's natural resources, these landscapes were divided and sold off to private landowners. Before, during, and after this transition, a socially middling group including farmers, yeoman, and merchants constructed businesses and dwellings utilizing locally accessible natural resources. These hundreds of surviving buildings provide evidence of how environmental resources were allocated during different periods of landownership. This dissertation examines how the builders and carpenters used material resources to construct these buildings between 1400 and 1700.I surveyed thirty buildings in western Suffolk from different settlements dating to this period. These buildings provided evidence of both continuity and change in natural resource use. Larger timbers, the primary supports in the building, were consistent in size throughout the period. In contrast, secondary supports, such as studs became increasingly small throughout the period in many settlements. The practice of reusing timber was an established method of conserving materials but did not become important in urban contexts until later on. Overall, there is evidence for a woodland system that was managed to produce timber of specific sizes for carpenters to use. However, these woodlands were initially restricted by the abbey. After the abbey was dissolved, woodlands opened for increased use by nonelite people provided they had the financial means to purchase timber directly, or buy timber rights. Technological change as well as the abbey's destruction also increased nonelite access to other materials, such as brick and reused limestone, which appear from the mid-sixteenth century onwards. At the same time, private landlords were enclosing former open lands and pastures in some areas of western Suffolk, which alienated those nonelite people who could not afford to purchase land or natural resources. This indicates that there may have been a change in how resources were allocated in avenues that cannot be seen through building frameworks; specifically, the resources that were freely available to non-wealthy, nonelite people. While wealthier yeoman and merchants were able to access timber and build greater quantity, another class of people were struggling for their rights to feed their animals and by extension themselves. This may indicate a shifting class dynamic between the middle classes and lower classes who relied more heavily on common lands.There is evidence that by the end of the period, timber-framed buildings changed in standards and quality. The latest building in the sample, dating to the early 1700s, no longer utilizes 5consistent timbers and relies heavily on secondhand materials. This may indicate that woodlands were depleted, or once again heavily restricted, by the end of the period. The increase in building, increased population, paired with the post-industrial, economic decline of Suffolk may have also contributed to this shift in building patterns.
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