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Dairy Cattle Replacement Under Chang...

Kulkarni, Pranav S.,

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Dairy Cattle Replacement Under Changing Agri-Environmental Policies /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Dairy Cattle Replacement Under Changing Agri-Environmental Policies // Pranav S Kulkarni.
Author:	Kulkarni, Pranav S.,
Description:	1 electronic resource (195 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-12B.
Subject:	Manures. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31134653
ISBN:	9798383027479

Dairy Cattle Replacement Under Changing Agri-Environmental Policies /
Kulkarni, Pranav S.,

Dairy Cattle Replacement Under Changing Agri-Environmental Policies /Pranav S Kulkarni. - 1 electronic resource (195 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.

The Netherlands is one of the world's leaders in commercial dairy production, accounting for 4.5%-5% of total global milk trade from 2015-2020 (ZuivelNL, 2022). The total export revenue from Dutch dairy industry amounts to €7.7 billion annually contributing 1% to the GDP. In 2021- 22, the Dutch dairy sector produced 14 billion kg milk from 1.6 million dairy cows distributed among approximately, 14,750 commercial dairy farms. In 2022, the Dutch dairy sector was worked by 46,000 full-time workers including farmers and contract labor thereby making it one of the major employing enterprise sectors in the Netherlands (ZuivelNL, 2022).The Dutch dairy sector is regulated by the national agricultural policy within the framework of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The combination of national agricultural policies in the framework of EU-CAP influences the structure and management of Dutch dairy farms. For instance, the milk quota that was implemented in 1984 until its abolishment in 2015, the total number of producing cows in the NL reduced from 2.5 million to 1.5 million heads (CBS, 2017). However, the number of active dairy farms also dropped considerably with a rate of 2.1% annually (Jongeneel and van Berkum, 2015). Over the three decades (1984-2015) of the milk quota, fewer dairy farms with larger, more intensive herds remained operational. During this period, the dairy farming sector was focused on application of new technology to reduce production costs, improving milk yield per cow, and reorganization in increasingly intensive operations with more cows per farm. Because of this, the milk production per cow was at 8,200 kg in 2014-15 which was almost double the amount produced in the 1960s (CBS, 2017). In anticipation of as well as a reaction to the abolishment of milk quota, dairy farms in the Netherlands expanded dramatically thereby maximizing their revenues by increasing the lactating herd sizes (CRV, 2019; Groeneveld et al., 2016). From 2014 to 2016, the average herd size increased from 108 to 115 and the number of active dairy farms reduced further by 3% annually (CBS, 2021).This period of expansion, was however, short-lived. Considering the environmental implications, the government of the Netherlands imposed a new manure regulation policy (Dairy Act) pertaining to phosphates and nitrogen waste in 2015 (based on Dutch Nutrient Management Policy of 1991 and MINerals Accounting System - MINAS; Hanegraaf and den Den Boer, 2003). This Dairy Act of 2015 meant that expanding herd size would require extra land to process manure. The Netherlands has limited land under agricultural usage, and therefore purchasing land is expensive. The increase revenues from extra milk gained from expansion in post-milk quota era were lower than the costs of processing manure (Klootwijk et al., 2016).Another example of policy change that affected the dairy farm structure and management was that of the Phosphate regulation policy which was enforced in 2017-18 (Rijksoverheid, 2018; Government of Netherlands, 2018). This policy granted limited rights to dairy farmers to produce manure. The number of phosphate rights granted to a dairy farmer was based on the number of cows kept in July 2015, subjected to a generic reduction of 8.3% (Rijksoverheid, 2018). As a result, many farmers were forced to immediately reduce their livestock numbers and halt expansion. The 2018 phosphate regulation policy had an EU-CAP approved tradable component (Fraters et al., 2020; Rijksoverheid, 2018). If the farmers produced below the rights granted to them, they were allowed to lease out their rights to farmers who expected to exceed them. As a result, there were financial incentives in reducing the phosphate production on the farm.

English

ISBN: 9798383027479Subjects--Topical Terms:

2084683
Manures.

Dairy Cattle Replacement Under Changing Agri-Environmental Policies /
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520 $a The Netherlands is one of the world's leaders in commercial dairy production, accounting for 4.5%-5% of total global milk trade from 2015-2020 (ZuivelNL, 2022). The total export revenue from Dutch dairy industry amounts to €7.7 billion annually contributing 1% to the GDP. In 2021- 22, the Dutch dairy sector produced 14 billion kg milk from 1.6 million dairy cows distributed among approximately, 14,750 commercial dairy farms. In 2022, the Dutch dairy sector was worked by 46,000 full-time workers including farmers and contract labor thereby making it one of the major employing enterprise sectors in the Netherlands (ZuivelNL, 2022).The Dutch dairy sector is regulated by the national agricultural policy within the framework of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The combination of national agricultural policies in the framework of EU-CAP influences the structure and management of Dutch dairy farms. For instance, the milk quota that was implemented in 1984 until its abolishment in 2015, the total number of producing cows in the NL reduced from 2.5 million to 1.5 million heads (CBS, 2017). However, the number of active dairy farms also dropped considerably with a rate of 2.1% annually (Jongeneel and van Berkum, 2015). Over the three decades (1984-2015) of the milk quota, fewer dairy farms with larger, more intensive herds remained operational. During this period, the dairy farming sector was focused on application of new technology to reduce production costs, improving milk yield per cow, and reorganization in increasingly intensive operations with more cows per farm. Because of this, the milk production per cow was at 8,200 kg in 2014-15 which was almost double the amount produced in the 1960s (CBS, 2017). In anticipation of as well as a reaction to the abolishment of milk quota, dairy farms in the Netherlands expanded dramatically thereby maximizing their revenues by increasing the lactating herd sizes (CRV, 2019; Groeneveld et al., 2016). From 2014 to 2016, the average herd size increased from 108 to 115 and the number of active dairy farms reduced further by 3% annually (CBS, 2021).This period of expansion, was however, short-lived. Considering the environmental implications, the government of the Netherlands imposed a new manure regulation policy (Dairy Act) pertaining to phosphates and nitrogen waste in 2015 (based on Dutch Nutrient Management Policy of 1991 and MINerals Accounting System - MINAS; Hanegraaf and den Den Boer, 2003). This Dairy Act of 2015 meant that expanding herd size would require extra land to process manure. The Netherlands has limited land under agricultural usage, and therefore purchasing land is expensive. The increase revenues from extra milk gained from expansion in post-milk quota era were lower than the costs of processing manure (Klootwijk et al., 2016).Another example of policy change that affected the dairy farm structure and management was that of the Phosphate regulation policy which was enforced in 2017-18 (Rijksoverheid, 2018; Government of Netherlands, 2018). This policy granted limited rights to dairy farmers to produce manure. The number of phosphate rights granted to a dairy farmer was based on the number of cows kept in July 2015, subjected to a generic reduction of 8.3% (Rijksoverheid, 2018). As a result, many farmers were forced to immediately reduce their livestock numbers and halt expansion. The 2018 phosphate regulation policy had an EU-CAP approved tradable component (Fraters et al., 2020; Rijksoverheid, 2018). If the farmers produced below the rights granted to them, they were allowed to lease out their rights to farmers who expected to exceed them. As a result, there were financial incentives in reducing the phosphate production on the farm.
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650 4 $a Acidosis. $3 2191833
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650 4 $a Farmers. $3 570534
650 4 $a Dynamic programming. $3 641303
650 4 $a Regulation. $3 3561775
650 4 $a Planning. $3 552734
650 4 $a Animal lactation. $3 3690993
650 4 $a Animal sciences. $3 3174829
650 4 $a Public policy. $3 532803
650 4 $a Statistics. $3 517247
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720 1 $a Nielen, M. $e degree supervisor.
720 1 $a Mourits, Monique $e degree supervisor.
720 1 $a Steeneveld, W. $e degree supervisor.
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 85-12B.
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