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Genetics and Evolution of Drosophila...

Zhou, Shuyu,

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Genetics and Evolution of Drosophila Humoral Immunity Against Parasitoid Infections /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Genetics and Evolution of Drosophila Humoral Immunity Against Parasitoid Infections // Shuyu Zhou.
Author:	Zhou, Shuyu,
Description:	1 electronic resource (274 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-09, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-09B.
Subject:	Infections. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31942743
ISBN:	9798310104372

Genetics and Evolution of Drosophila Humoral Immunity Against Parasitoid Infections /
Zhou, Shuyu,

Genetics and Evolution of Drosophila Humoral Immunity Against Parasitoid Infections /Shuyu Zhou. - 1 electronic resource (274 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-09, Section: B.

The parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi is a major natural parasite of Drosophila melanogaster. However, the regulation of Drosophila humoral immunity against parasitoids is not clearly illustrated. In this thesis, I investigated the humoral immune mechanisms underlying Drosophila resistance to parasitoid infections, as well as the evolution of humoral immunity in populations that evolved resistance under high parasite pressure. Natural populations differ in their resistance to parasitoid infections. To understand what causes these variations, I studied the cis-regulatory upstream region of lectin-24A, a gene found to be significantly induced specifically in the Drosophila larval fat body after parasitism. Using a fluorescent reporter driven by the lectin-24A upstream region, I found that a deletion largely abolished lectin-24A expression in some natural populations susceptible to parasitoid infections. Infection by parasitoids induces an immune response in Drosophila that consists of cellular and humoral defenses. I studied the mechanisms regulating the activation of humoral immunity after parasitism. Using the fluorescent reporter and RNA sequencing, I show that JAK/STAT, the GATA factor Pannier, and the NF-κB factor dorsal all modulate the expression of lectin-24A, suggesting their roles in the regulation of Drosophila humoral anti-parasitoid immunity in general. I also explored the role of a group of serine proteases that are consistently upregulated in Drosophila after parasitization with unknown roles in the anti-parasitoid response. I found that mutating one particular serine protease, CG43124, reduces the rate of successful melanotic encapsulations by the Drosophila larvae. Both constitutive and inducible immune mechanisms are utilized by hosts for defense. Constitutive immunity is predicted to be favored when parasite exposure is frequent. I show that this is indeed the case with Drosophila populations that have evolved resistance under high rates of parasitization. I also found that these populations evolved the ability to activate JAK/STAT signaling following infection, potentially due to the constitutive presence of Upd3 cytokine-expressing immature lamellocytes.

English

ISBN: 9798310104372Subjects--Topical Terms:

1621997
Infections.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Parasitization

Genetics and Evolution of Drosophila Humoral Immunity Against Parasitoid Infections /
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520 $a The parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi is a major natural parasite of Drosophila melanogaster. However, the regulation of Drosophila humoral immunity against parasitoids is not clearly illustrated. In this thesis, I investigated the humoral immune mechanisms underlying Drosophila resistance to parasitoid infections, as well as the evolution of humoral immunity in populations that evolved resistance under high parasite pressure. Natural populations differ in their resistance to parasitoid infections. To understand what causes these variations, I studied the cis-regulatory upstream region of lectin-24A, a gene found to be significantly induced specifically in the Drosophila larval fat body after parasitism. Using a fluorescent reporter driven by the lectin-24A upstream region, I found that a deletion largely abolished lectin-24A expression in some natural populations susceptible to parasitoid infections. Infection by parasitoids induces an immune response in Drosophila that consists of cellular and humoral defenses. I studied the mechanisms regulating the activation of humoral immunity after parasitism. Using the fluorescent reporter and RNA sequencing, I show that JAK/STAT, the GATA factor Pannier, and the NF-κB factor dorsal all modulate the expression of lectin-24A, suggesting their roles in the regulation of Drosophila humoral anti-parasitoid immunity in general. I also explored the role of a group of serine proteases that are consistently upregulated in Drosophila after parasitization with unknown roles in the anti-parasitoid response. I found that mutating one particular serine protease, CG43124, reduces the rate of successful melanotic encapsulations by the Drosophila larvae. Both constitutive and inducible immune mechanisms are utilized by hosts for defense. Constitutive immunity is predicted to be favored when parasite exposure is frequent. I show that this is indeed the case with Drosophila populations that have evolved resistance under high rates of parasitization. I also found that these populations evolved the ability to activate JAK/STAT signaling following infection, potentially due to the constitutive presence of Upd3 cytokine-expressing immature lamellocytes.
546 $a English
590 $a School code: 0360
650 4 $a Infections. $3 1621997
650 4 $a Signal transduction. $3 3546420
650 4 $a Homeostasis. $3 657244
650 4 $a Pathogens. $3 3540520
650 4 $a CRISPR. $3 3561750
650 4 $a Parasites. $3 671720
650 4 $a Mutation. $3 837917
650 4 $a Immune system. $3 689864
650 4 $a Binding sites. $3 3560349
650 4 $a Cytokines. $3 687114
650 4 $a Bacteria. $3 550366
650 4 $a Chromosomes. $3 638948
650 4 $a Gram-positive bacteria. $3 662772
650 4 $a Invertebrates. $3 600655
650 4 $a Insects. $3 516323
650 4 $a Viruses. $3 571474
650 4 $a Genomes. $3 592593
650 4 $a Polymerase chain reaction. $3 518049
650 4 $a Haplotypes. $3 3680752
650 4 $a Adaptive immunity. $3 3691695
650 4 $a Entomology. $3 615844
650 4 $a Parasitology. $3 635062
653 $a Parasitization
653 $a Drosophila
653 $a Parasitoid infections
690 $a 0353
690 $a 0718
710 2 $a University of Cambridge (United Kingdom). $e degree granting institution. $3 3820822
720 1 $a Jiggins, Francis $e degree supervisor.
720 1 $a Leitao, Alexandre $e degree supervisor.
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2024
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