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How Age Affects Negative Self-Consci...

Wang, Hao,

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How Age Affects Negative Self-Conscious Emotions: The Roles of Self-Concept and Self-Compassion /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	How Age Affects Negative Self-Conscious Emotions: The Roles of Self-Concept and Self-Compassion // Hao Wang.
Author:	Wang, Hao,
Description:	1 electronic resource (148 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 79-08, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International79-08B.
Subject:	Social psychology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10753080
ISBN:	9780355551785

How Age Affects Negative Self-Conscious Emotions: The Roles of Self-Concept and Self-Compassion /
Wang, Hao,

How Age Affects Negative Self-Conscious Emotions: The Roles of Self-Concept and Self-Compassion /Hao Wang. - 1 electronic resource (148 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 79-08, Section: B.

Negative self-conscious emotions (e.g., shame and guilt) are closely related to individuals' mental health and well-being. A lot of research has been done on the emergence of negative self-conscious emotions in childhood, while little is known about their development trends in the second half of life. To learn more about older adults' negative self-conscious emotions, three studies were conducted to explore (a) older adults' experience of negative self-conscious emotions, (b) factors which might contribute to the age differences in experiencing negative self-conscious emotions, and (c) strategies which might help people to cope with their negative self-conscious emotions, respectively. Specifically, Study 1 explored the developmental trends of shame and embarrassment across adulthood by using the data from General Social Surveys (GSS) of 1996 and 2006. Hierarchical regressions partially supported Strength and Vulnerability Integration theory (SAVI). Compared to young adults, older adults reported a lower frequency of embarrassment experiences, suggesting that older adults were more skillful at avoiding negative events. On the other hand, older adults were more vulnerable once negative self-conscious emotions were elicited. They were more likely to experience embarrassment and feel ashamed for their family members in hypothetical negative situations. Since the emotion assessments in GSS were single item measures and did not contain assessments for guilt feelings, Study 2 further tested SAVI theory in older adults' experience of guilt, embarrassment, and shame from the perspectives of proneness, frequency, and intensity by using experience sampling method. Meanwhile, Study 2 also examined the role of self-concept in the development of negative self-conscious emotions. Results further supported SAVI theory showing that older adults were more prone to adaptive emotions (i.e., guilt), and less prone to maladaptive emotions (i.e., shame) than young adults. On the other hand, older adults did experience a higher intensity of negative self-conscious emotions than young adults, especially when they perceived stress. Hierarchical linear model and linear regression analyses suggested that stable low self-esteem status seemed to be a risk factor for older adults to experience negative self-conscious emotions more intensely and more frequently. Apart from examining age differences and identifying risk factors, this research also tried to find ways to help individuals cope with their negative self-conscious emotions. By manipulating participants' self-compassion and state self-esteem, Study 3 tested the coping effects of the two strategies. Results showed a similar effect size of the two strategies in reducing individuals' intensities of negative self-conscious emotions. Further analyses suggested that the two strategies might reduce individuals' intensities of negative self-conscious emotions by lowering their expectations on potential influences caused by the negative events.

English

ISBN: 9780355551785Subjects--Topical Terms:

520219
Social psychology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

embarrassment

How Age Affects Negative Self-Conscious Emotions: The Roles of Self-Concept and Self-Compassion /
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 79-08, Section: B.
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502 $b Ph.D. $c The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong) $d 2017.
520 $a Negative self-conscious emotions (e.g., shame and guilt) are closely related to individuals' mental health and well-being. A lot of research has been done on the emergence of negative self-conscious emotions in childhood, while little is known about their development trends in the second half of life. To learn more about older adults' negative self-conscious emotions, three studies were conducted to explore (a) older adults' experience of negative self-conscious emotions, (b) factors which might contribute to the age differences in experiencing negative self-conscious emotions, and (c) strategies which might help people to cope with their negative self-conscious emotions, respectively. Specifically, Study 1 explored the developmental trends of shame and embarrassment across adulthood by using the data from General Social Surveys (GSS) of 1996 and 2006. Hierarchical regressions partially supported Strength and Vulnerability Integration theory (SAVI). Compared to young adults, older adults reported a lower frequency of embarrassment experiences, suggesting that older adults were more skillful at avoiding negative events. On the other hand, older adults were more vulnerable once negative self-conscious emotions were elicited. They were more likely to experience embarrassment and feel ashamed for their family members in hypothetical negative situations. Since the emotion assessments in GSS were single item measures and did not contain assessments for guilt feelings, Study 2 further tested SAVI theory in older adults' experience of guilt, embarrassment, and shame from the perspectives of proneness, frequency, and intensity by using experience sampling method. Meanwhile, Study 2 also examined the role of self-concept in the development of negative self-conscious emotions. Results further supported SAVI theory showing that older adults were more prone to adaptive emotions (i.e., guilt), and less prone to maladaptive emotions (i.e., shame) than young adults. On the other hand, older adults did experience a higher intensity of negative self-conscious emotions than young adults, especially when they perceived stress. Hierarchical linear model and linear regression analyses suggested that stable low self-esteem status seemed to be a risk factor for older adults to experience negative self-conscious emotions more intensely and more frequently. Apart from examining age differences and identifying risk factors, this research also tried to find ways to help individuals cope with their negative self-conscious emotions. By manipulating participants' self-compassion and state self-esteem, Study 3 tested the coping effects of the two strategies. Results showed a similar effect size of the two strategies in reducing individuals' intensities of negative self-conscious emotions. Further analyses suggested that the two strategies might reduce individuals' intensities of negative self-conscious emotions by lowering their expectations on potential influences caused by the negative events.
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650 4 $a Developmental psychology. $3 516948
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653 $a self-esteem status
653 $a shame
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710 2 $a The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong). $b Psychology. $e degree granting institution. $3 3819613
720 1 $a Fung, Hoi Lam Helene $e degree supervisor.
720 1 $a Mcbride, Catherine Alexandra $e degree supervisor.
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