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Nitrate-Selective Anion-Exchange Membranes: Development and Application in Electrodialysis /

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Nitrate-Selective Anion-Exchange Membranes: Development and Application in Electrodialysis // Daniele Chinello.
作者:	Chinello, Daniele,
面頁冊數:	1 electronic resource (201 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-07, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-07B.
標題:	Cancer. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31827561
ISBN:	9798302386601

Nitrate-Selective Anion-Exchange Membranes: Development and Application in Electrodialysis /
Chinello, Daniele,

Nitrate-Selective Anion-Exchange Membranes: Development and Application in Electrodialysis /Daniele Chinello. - 1 electronic resource (201 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-07, Section: B.

Nitrogen fertilizers are critical in agriculture due to their role in plant growth and reproduction. However, the extensive use of nitrogen fertilizers has impacted agricultural sustainability and led to environmental concerns. A significant portion of the applied fertilizer is not absorbed by crops, leading to issues like water pollution and health risks from nitrate contamination in drinking water.To tackle these challenges, technologies such as electrodialysis (ED) can be employed. lon- exchange membranes (IEMs) are integral components of ED, selectively allowing the passage of specific ions while blocking others, thereby facilitating the separation of ionic species. State-of- the-art membrane technology enables the separation of cations from anions and divalent from monovalent ions. However, separating ions with the same valence remains challenging. In particular, the separation of nitrate from chloride, given their similar physicochemical properties, is difficult. Achieving this separation would enable the recovery and recycling of valuable resources like nitrate from waste/process water streams in fertilizer plants and agricultural and horticultural practices, contributing to a circular economy.Driven by the possibility of employing the small difference in the dehydration energies of nitrate and chloride for ion separation, this thesis aims to develop new anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) with improved nitrate selectivity. Previous studies have shown that increasing membrane hydrophobicity enhances the transport of less hydrated ions, such as nitrate. Therefore, this thesis explores the effect of increasing membrane hydrophobicity on the nitrate/chloride selective separation.Chapter 1provides a comprehensive introduction to above-mentioned issues, detailing the environmental impact of nitrogen fertilizers, the principles and challenges of ion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis, and the specific focus of this thesis on enhancing nitrate selectivity through increased membrane hydrophobicity.Chapter 2presents a mass balance-based modelling tool for the selective recovery of nitrate from a wastewater stream containing chloride, aiming to improve ion-separation efficiency and reduce water consumption in a water purification system. The key element of the process is a membrane unit with a nitrate over chloride permeation selectivity. Initially, the study outlines the interplay between several key process parameters for a generic water purification system, such as the nitrate/chloride feed ratio and the fraction of nitrate and water recovered, influencing the required membrane selectivity. These findings have then been applied to four scenarios of a real- life application involving nitrate recovery from a fertilizer plant's effluent, resulting in required membrane selectivity values ranging from 3 to 30.Chapter 3focuses on the development and characterization of new polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) for the selective separation of nitrate from chloride. PVDF was chosen for its inherent hydrophobic nature. The membranes have been manufactured via casting using a commercially available ionomer solution in combination with PVDF, offering a straightforward membrane fabrication method. The impact of varying the PVDF content (0 to 50 wt%) within the membrane was investigated, with the PVDF-50 membrane containing 50 wt% PVDF showing the highest nitrate selectivity under constant current conditions. This selectivity was found to be almost twice as high as that of a widely used commercial membrane (AMX from Neosepta). To gain insights into the relationship between hydration energy and preferential ion transport, and thus the selectivity mechanism, the ionic fluxes of multiple monovalent anions through this best-performing PVDF-based anion-exchange membranes were evaluated.Chapter 4investigates the application of the best-performing membrane from Chapter 3 (i.e. PVDF-50) for nitrate over chloride selective separation in electrodialysis. The selectivity results obtained and membrane properties such as ion-exchange capacity, permselectivity, and hydrophobicity have been compared with those of two commercial membranes (AMX and ACS from Neosepta). The PVDF-50 membrane showed the highest reported nitrate over chloride selectivity and its performance in ED was found to be independent of applied current density. Additionally, this chapter describes the potential of a proposed approach called nitrate- selectrodialysis (NO3-SED), leveraging the differences in nitrate over chloride selectivity of various AEMs to achieve concurrent nitrate concentration and chloride depletion in an aqueous stream.Chapter 5explores the impact of using different polymeric matrices than PVDF on the fabrication of nitrate-selective anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) as well as their properties and performance. In particular, two fluorine-free alternative polymers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), were used in combination with the ionomer solution used in previous chapters to successfully manufacture the polymer-based membranes. The PVC and PAN-based membranes were tested in ED and the nitrate over chloride selectivity followed the trend of PVC > PVDF > PAN > commercial membranes. Furthermore, membrane properties such as electrical resistance, ion-exchange capacity, water uptake, fixed charge concentration, surface morphology, and hydrophobicity have been analyzed, culminating in the conclusion that selectivity for this type of membranes is governed by hydrophobicity and fixed charge concentration.Chapter 6provides an overview of the findings synthesized from the research chapters, a discussion of some implications in relation to the model and potential applications of the studied AEMs. Moreover, it also presents potential directions for future research.

English

ISBN: 9798302386601Subjects--Topical Terms:

634186
Cancer.

Nitrate-Selective Anion-Exchange Membranes: Development and Application in Electrodialysis /
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520 $a Nitrogen fertilizers are critical in agriculture due to their role in plant growth and reproduction. However, the extensive use of nitrogen fertilizers has impacted agricultural sustainability and led to environmental concerns. A significant portion of the applied fertilizer is not absorbed by crops, leading to issues like water pollution and health risks from nitrate contamination in drinking water.To tackle these challenges, technologies such as electrodialysis (ED) can be employed. lon- exchange membranes (IEMs) are integral components of ED, selectively allowing the passage of specific ions while blocking others, thereby facilitating the separation of ionic species. State-of- the-art membrane technology enables the separation of cations from anions and divalent from monovalent ions. However, separating ions with the same valence remains challenging. In particular, the separation of nitrate from chloride, given their similar physicochemical properties, is difficult. Achieving this separation would enable the recovery and recycling of valuable resources like nitrate from waste/process water streams in fertilizer plants and agricultural and horticultural practices, contributing to a circular economy.Driven by the possibility of employing the small difference in the dehydration energies of nitrate and chloride for ion separation, this thesis aims to develop new anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) with improved nitrate selectivity. Previous studies have shown that increasing membrane hydrophobicity enhances the transport of less hydrated ions, such as nitrate. Therefore, this thesis explores the effect of increasing membrane hydrophobicity on the nitrate/chloride selective separation.Chapter 1provides a comprehensive introduction to above-mentioned issues, detailing the environmental impact of nitrogen fertilizers, the principles and challenges of ion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis, and the specific focus of this thesis on enhancing nitrate selectivity through increased membrane hydrophobicity.Chapter 2presents a mass balance-based modelling tool for the selective recovery of nitrate from a wastewater stream containing chloride, aiming to improve ion-separation efficiency and reduce water consumption in a water purification system. The key element of the process is a membrane unit with a nitrate over chloride permeation selectivity. Initially, the study outlines the interplay between several key process parameters for a generic water purification system, such as the nitrate/chloride feed ratio and the fraction of nitrate and water recovered, influencing the required membrane selectivity. These findings have then been applied to four scenarios of a real- life application involving nitrate recovery from a fertilizer plant's effluent, resulting in required membrane selectivity values ranging from 3 to 30.Chapter 3focuses on the development and characterization of new polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) for the selective separation of nitrate from chloride. PVDF was chosen for its inherent hydrophobic nature. The membranes have been manufactured via casting using a commercially available ionomer solution in combination with PVDF, offering a straightforward membrane fabrication method. The impact of varying the PVDF content (0 to 50 wt%) within the membrane was investigated, with the PVDF-50 membrane containing 50 wt% PVDF showing the highest nitrate selectivity under constant current conditions. This selectivity was found to be almost twice as high as that of a widely used commercial membrane (AMX from Neosepta). To gain insights into the relationship between hydration energy and preferential ion transport, and thus the selectivity mechanism, the ionic fluxes of multiple monovalent anions through this best-performing PVDF-based anion-exchange membranes were evaluated.Chapter 4investigates the application of the best-performing membrane from Chapter 3 (i.e. PVDF-50) for nitrate over chloride selective separation in electrodialysis. The selectivity results obtained and membrane properties such as ion-exchange capacity, permselectivity, and hydrophobicity have been compared with those of two commercial membranes (AMX and ACS from Neosepta). The PVDF-50 membrane showed the highest reported nitrate over chloride selectivity and its performance in ED was found to be independent of applied current density. Additionally, this chapter describes the potential of a proposed approach called nitrate- selectrodialysis (NO3-SED), leveraging the differences in nitrate over chloride selectivity of various AEMs to achieve concurrent nitrate concentration and chloride depletion in an aqueous stream.Chapter 5explores the impact of using different polymeric matrices than PVDF on the fabrication of nitrate-selective anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) as well as their properties and performance. In particular, two fluorine-free alternative polymers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), were used in combination with the ionomer solution used in previous chapters to successfully manufacture the polymer-based membranes. The PVC and PAN-based membranes were tested in ED and the nitrate over chloride selectivity followed the trend of PVC > PVDF > PAN > commercial membranes. Furthermore, membrane properties such as electrical resistance, ion-exchange capacity, water uptake, fixed charge concentration, surface morphology, and hydrophobicity have been analyzed, culminating in the conclusion that selectivity for this type of membranes is governed by hydrophobicity and fixed charge concentration.Chapter 6provides an overview of the findings synthesized from the research chapters, a discussion of some implications in relation to the model and potential applications of the studied AEMs. Moreover, it also presents potential directions for future research.
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