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High Frequency and Seasonal Controls...

Liberti, Catherine M,

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High Frequency and Seasonal Controls on Calcium Carbonate Saturation States in Two Maine Estuaries /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	High Frequency and Seasonal Controls on Calcium Carbonate Saturation States in Two Maine Estuaries // Catherine M Liberti.
Author:	Liberti, Catherine M,
Description:	1 electronic resource (162 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-07, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-07B.
Subject:	Cold. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31822900
ISBN:	9798302372192

High Frequency and Seasonal Controls on Calcium Carbonate Saturation States in Two Maine Estuaries /
Liberti, Catherine M,

High Frequency and Seasonal Controls on Calcium Carbonate Saturation States in Two Maine Estuaries /Catherine M Liberti. - 1 electronic resource (162 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-07, Section: B.

The Gulf of Maine is a highly productive shelf sea in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean that supports many important commercial shellfish. The Gulf of Maine has naturally low calcium carbonate saturation states (Ω) due to its relatively cold and fresh waters. Ωhas been shown to be important predictors of larval and juvenile shellfish growth and mortality. Many of these shellfish species spend all or part of their life cycle within the estuaries that fringe the Gulf of Maine and shellfish aquaculture within the estuaries is increasing rapidly. The Ωof these estuaries are poorly understood, particularly on high frequency time scales such as days to months. Ωhas been shown to be highly variable in estuaries due to the increased rates of physical and biogeochemical processes that impact it and alterations due to human activity.To better understand Ωvariability in two Maine estuaries, I studied the relationship between Ωvariability and physical, chemical, and biological processes that impacted Ω,and identified why those processes were changing. In the upper Damariscotta River, I found that Ωvaried both on a seasonal scale via changes in temperature and salinity, as well as on weekly time scales related to tidal cycles. These shorter timescale variations were correlated with changes in dissolved oxygen concentration, turbidity, and chlorophyll, indicating that ecosystem metabolism was likely the main driver of these changes.The upper Damariscotta River is also the largest oyster growing area in northern New England. I looked at the impact of oyster growth on Ωusing 2018 industry size and oceanographic conditions and found that calcification and respiration rates could lower Ωby 2- 3% over the course of the growing season. Increased industry size or continued ocean acidification further decreased Ωin the growing area. This is relevant to the industry because lower Ωcould reduce the shell thickness of the oyster and lead to more breakage during processing or increased predation.Last, I estimated Ωfor three sites in Casco Bay, Maine that had different watershed inputs and identified drivers of Ωchange and how they differed from site to site. Net ecosystem metabolism was the largest driver of Ωvariability at all three sites, however temperature and salinity also played a role in Ωover weekly to monthly scales. Portland Harbor, which had the highest rates of industrialization in the watershed and surrounding waters had the lowest Ω,metabolic rates, was net heterotrophic July - October, and had the lowest temperature and salinity.Overall, daily - monthly variations in Ωwere large and dependent on both the physical and biogeochemical processes in these estuaries. Understanding these changes in estuaries is the first step in designing experiments that accurately represent what shellfish are experiencing in situ and will provide more realistic expectations for how shellfish will respond to future changes in Ω.

English

ISBN: 9798302372192Subjects--Topical Terms:

560283
Cold.

High Frequency and Seasonal Controls on Calcium Carbonate Saturation States in Two Maine Estuaries /
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-07, Section: B.
500 $a Advisors: Brady, Damian C. Committee members: Mayer, Lawrence; Testa, Jeremy; Salisbury, Joseph; Strong, Aaron.
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520 $a The Gulf of Maine is a highly productive shelf sea in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean that supports many important commercial shellfish. The Gulf of Maine has naturally low calcium carbonate saturation states (Ω) due to its relatively cold and fresh waters. Ωhas been shown to be important predictors of larval and juvenile shellfish growth and mortality. Many of these shellfish species spend all or part of their life cycle within the estuaries that fringe the Gulf of Maine and shellfish aquaculture within the estuaries is increasing rapidly. The Ωof these estuaries are poorly understood, particularly on high frequency time scales such as days to months. Ωhas been shown to be highly variable in estuaries due to the increased rates of physical and biogeochemical processes that impact it and alterations due to human activity.To better understand Ωvariability in two Maine estuaries, I studied the relationship between Ωvariability and physical, chemical, and biological processes that impacted Ω,and identified why those processes were changing. In the upper Damariscotta River, I found that Ωvaried both on a seasonal scale via changes in temperature and salinity, as well as on weekly time scales related to tidal cycles. These shorter timescale variations were correlated with changes in dissolved oxygen concentration, turbidity, and chlorophyll, indicating that ecosystem metabolism was likely the main driver of these changes.The upper Damariscotta River is also the largest oyster growing area in northern New England. I looked at the impact of oyster growth on Ωusing 2018 industry size and oceanographic conditions and found that calcification and respiration rates could lower Ωby 2- 3% over the course of the growing season. Increased industry size or continued ocean acidification further decreased Ωin the growing area. This is relevant to the industry because lower Ωcould reduce the shell thickness of the oyster and lead to more breakage during processing or increased predation.Last, I estimated Ωfor three sites in Casco Bay, Maine that had different watershed inputs and identified drivers of Ωchange and how they differed from site to site. Net ecosystem metabolism was the largest driver of Ωvariability at all three sites, however temperature and salinity also played a role in Ωover weekly to monthly scales. Portland Harbor, which had the highest rates of industrialization in the watershed and surrounding waters had the lowest Ω,metabolic rates, was net heterotrophic July - October, and had the lowest temperature and salinity.Overall, daily - monthly variations in Ωwere large and dependent on both the physical and biogeochemical processes in these estuaries. Understanding these changes in estuaries is the first step in designing experiments that accurately represent what shellfish are experiencing in situ and will provide more realistic expectations for how shellfish will respond to future changes in Ω.
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650 4 $a River ecology. $3 3685237
650 4 $a Salinity. $3 594109
650 4 $a Alkalinity. $3 3566214
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650 4 $a Biological oceanography. $3 2122748
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