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Study of the Early Ray-Finned Fish From the Black Shales and Their Phylogenetic and Ecological Implications /

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Study of the Early Ray-Finned Fish From the Black Shales and Their Phylogenetic and Ecological Implications // Chenchen Shen.
作者:	Shen, Chenchen,
面頁冊數:	1 electronic resource (476 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-07, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-07B.
標題:	Systematic biology. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31765305
ISBN:	9798302838599

Study of the Early Ray-Finned Fish From the Black Shales and Their Phylogenetic and Ecological Implications /
Shen, Chenchen,

Study of the Early Ray-Finned Fish From the Black Shales and Their Phylogenetic and Ecological Implications /Chenchen Shen. - 1 electronic resource (476 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-07, Section: B.

During the Carboniferous, marine ecosystems recovered from the mass extinction events at the end of the Devonian. Some studies suggest that the aquatic vertebrate ecosystem had fully recovered during the Mississippian (Early Carboniferous), followed by a long interval of stability. This pattern was sometimes criticized based on the rarity of Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) localities. Thus, it is necessary to study vertebrate fossils from multiple, appropriate localities to address this problem. This dissertation focuses on new actinopterygian taxa from Black Shales localities in Indiana, USA. Paleoenvironmentally, the Black Shales represent the near shore shallow marine facies of the North American Mid-Continent Sea (NAMS). The main goals of this dissertation are to describe eight new species, to examine the phylogenetic relationships of these new species among early actinopterygians during Carboniferous and Permian times, propose a new hypothesis of the early evolution of actinopterygian fishes, and finally discuss how the cyclothem events affected the marine vertebrate diversity of the NAMS.My dissertation is organized into three chapters. Chapter 1 describes new actinopterygians from the Black Shales localities. The new taxa are from three sites, with three species from Garrard Quarry, two from the slightly younger Logan Quarry, and three from Bethel Quarry, which is the youngest locality. Chapter 2 examines the phylogenetic relationships of selected new taxa from the Black Shales, as well as other Carboniferous and Permian taxa. A comprehensive parsimony phylogenetic analysis is conducted based on 256 morphological characters and 104 fish taxa. The Silurian fish Guiyu oneiros is the outgroup. A total of 74 Carboniferous and Permian actinopterygians are included in the ingroup, 16 of which are included in a phylogenetic study for the first time (e.g., Bluefieldius, Igornichthys, Letovichthys). My main result shows that most of the Permo-Carboniferous fishes are recovered as one monophyletic clade, which is the sister group of more advanced actinopterygian fishes (e.g., Lepisosteus, Amia, Chondrosteus) that includes a few Paleozoic genera (e.g., Tarrasius, Brachydegma, Trawdenia). This hypothesis sheds new light on the evolution of early Actinopterygii. My new phylogenetic hypothesis implicates that the Palaeoniscimorpha is a paraphyletic group. The monophyly of the Permo-Carboniferous fish group is supported by several synapomorphies such as the blunt rounded shape of the snout in lateral view, dorsal dermosphenotic (= intertemporal) contact with the nasal bone, coronoid bones with single tooth row, a present anteroventral process on the subopercle, evenly segmented pectoral fin rays from proximal to distal, small and spine shaped fringing fulcra placed between the terminal segments of marginal rays, and caudal fin with short epichordal rays. Chapter 3 compares and tests the faunal dynamics of marine vertebrates from localities in the NAMS in response to cyclothems. The new Black Shales taxa are involved in species richness estimation analyses in this chapter. The comparison of estimated richness of different vertebrate groups (acanthodian chondrichthyans, non-acanthodian chondrichthyans, actinopterygians, and sarcopterygians) indicates that there were significant changes in the vertebrate diversity across four localities (Logan/Garrard Quarries, Mazon Creek, Bethel Quarry, and Kinney Brick Quarry) spanning 32 cyclothems and distributing from eastern to western regions of the NAMS; some non-acanthodian chondrichthyan fish reveal better survivorship than other marine vertebrate; and during the Desmoinesian stage, there were at least two waves of European Actinopterygii immigrating into the NAMS. As a first attempt, this study provides a foundation for future research to illuminate the biodiversity of vertebrates in NAMS during the Pennsylvanian Period, such as testing more localities referred to different cyclothems in NAMS, and using molecular clock and divergent time analyses to calibrate the time of the waves when the marine vertebrates distributed to NAMS.

English

ISBN: 9798302838599Subjects--Topical Terms:

3173492
Systematic biology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Carboniferous

Study of the Early Ray-Finned Fish From the Black Shales and Their Phylogenetic and Ecological Implications /
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502 $b Ph.D. $c University of Kansas $d 2024.
520 $a During the Carboniferous, marine ecosystems recovered from the mass extinction events at the end of the Devonian. Some studies suggest that the aquatic vertebrate ecosystem had fully recovered during the Mississippian (Early Carboniferous), followed by a long interval of stability. This pattern was sometimes criticized based on the rarity of Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) localities. Thus, it is necessary to study vertebrate fossils from multiple, appropriate localities to address this problem. This dissertation focuses on new actinopterygian taxa from Black Shales localities in Indiana, USA. Paleoenvironmentally, the Black Shales represent the near shore shallow marine facies of the North American Mid-Continent Sea (NAMS). The main goals of this dissertation are to describe eight new species, to examine the phylogenetic relationships of these new species among early actinopterygians during Carboniferous and Permian times, propose a new hypothesis of the early evolution of actinopterygian fishes, and finally discuss how the cyclothem events affected the marine vertebrate diversity of the NAMS.My dissertation is organized into three chapters. Chapter 1 describes new actinopterygians from the Black Shales localities. The new taxa are from three sites, with three species from Garrard Quarry, two from the slightly younger Logan Quarry, and three from Bethel Quarry, which is the youngest locality. Chapter 2 examines the phylogenetic relationships of selected new taxa from the Black Shales, as well as other Carboniferous and Permian taxa. A comprehensive parsimony phylogenetic analysis is conducted based on 256 morphological characters and 104 fish taxa. The Silurian fish Guiyu oneiros is the outgroup. A total of 74 Carboniferous and Permian actinopterygians are included in the ingroup, 16 of which are included in a phylogenetic study for the first time (e.g., Bluefieldius, Igornichthys, Letovichthys). My main result shows that most of the Permo-Carboniferous fishes are recovered as one monophyletic clade, which is the sister group of more advanced actinopterygian fishes (e.g., Lepisosteus, Amia, Chondrosteus) that includes a few Paleozoic genera (e.g., Tarrasius, Brachydegma, Trawdenia). This hypothesis sheds new light on the evolution of early Actinopterygii. My new phylogenetic hypothesis implicates that the Palaeoniscimorpha is a paraphyletic group. The monophyly of the Permo-Carboniferous fish group is supported by several synapomorphies such as the blunt rounded shape of the snout in lateral view, dorsal dermosphenotic (= intertemporal) contact with the nasal bone, coronoid bones with single tooth row, a present anteroventral process on the subopercle, evenly segmented pectoral fin rays from proximal to distal, small and spine shaped fringing fulcra placed between the terminal segments of marginal rays, and caudal fin with short epichordal rays. Chapter 3 compares and tests the faunal dynamics of marine vertebrates from localities in the NAMS in response to cyclothems. The new Black Shales taxa are involved in species richness estimation analyses in this chapter. The comparison of estimated richness of different vertebrate groups (acanthodian chondrichthyans, non-acanthodian chondrichthyans, actinopterygians, and sarcopterygians) indicates that there were significant changes in the vertebrate diversity across four localities (Logan/Garrard Quarries, Mazon Creek, Bethel Quarry, and Kinney Brick Quarry) spanning 32 cyclothems and distributing from eastern to western regions of the NAMS; some non-acanthodian chondrichthyan fish reveal better survivorship than other marine vertebrate; and during the Desmoinesian stage, there were at least two waves of European Actinopterygii immigrating into the NAMS. As a first attempt, this study provides a foundation for future research to illuminate the biodiversity of vertebrates in NAMS during the Pennsylvanian Period, such as testing more localities referred to different cyclothems in NAMS, and using molecular clock and divergent time analyses to calibrate the time of the waves when the marine vertebrates distributed to NAMS.
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650 4 $a Paleontology. $3 518862
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653 $a Carboniferous
653 $a Illinois basin
653 $a Stem-actinopterygii
653 $a Aquatic vertebrate ecosystem
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710 2 $a University of Kansas. $b Ecology & Evolutionary Biology. $e degree granting institution. $3 3765719
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