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Adaptation to Hypoxia in the Blind M...

Boggs, Tyler E.,

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Adaptation to Hypoxia in the Blind Mexican Cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Adaptation to Hypoxia in the Blind Mexican Cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus // Tyler E Boggs.
Author:	Boggs, Tyler E.,
Description:	1 electronic resource (152 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-05, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-05B.
Subject:	Biology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31747694
ISBN:	9798342717953

Adaptation to Hypoxia in the Blind Mexican Cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus /
Boggs, Tyler E.,

Adaptation to Hypoxia in the Blind Mexican Cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus /Tyler E Boggs. - 1 electronic resource (152 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-05, Section: B.

Oxygen is a basic necessity of life for nearly all species. However, owing to environmental or medical conditions, the required concentration of oxygen to maintain metabolic demand may not be available. Interestingly, while some species struggle with even modest changes to oxygen concentration, others can withstand large fluctuations including periods of extremely low oxygen (hypoxia). Fishes inhabit nearly all aquatic environments, inclusive of well- and poorly- oxygenated conditions, making them especially suitable to study the effects of hypoxia. However, the evolutionary mechanisms that enabled these traits to arise are relatively unknown. The blind Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, presents a unique model to study both adaptations to hypoxia as well as the underlying evolutionary mechanisms. This species is comprised of two morphotypes, an 'ancestral-surrogate' surface morphotype that resides in well-oxygenated lakes, rivers, and streams of northeastern Mexico and the southwest United States, and an obligate cave-dwelling morphotype found in numerous distinct caves throughout the limestone karst of northeastern Mexico that are likely hypoxic. This drastic environmental shift prompted the necessity to adapt to the harsh conditions within caves. While many cavefish traits have been characterized, adaptations to hypoxia have received very little attention. In this dissertation, I aimed to begin to characterize traits in cavefish that may confer adaptive advantages to living in hypoxic conditions. First, we discuss empirical measurements of dissolved oxygen as well as the environmental features that likely contribute to the hypoxic condition of caves. We then investigated morphological changes to red blood cells that enable a higher concentration of hemoglobin protein in circulation. Subsequently, we set out to determine how individual hemoglobin orthologs are regulated to contribute to the aggregate increase of hemoglobin protein. Additionally, we revealed unexpected regulation of many known hypoxia-response genes. Finally, we quantified multiple gill morphologies to estimate total surface area for oxygen diffusion and to investigate differences in oxygen sensing between morphotypes as well as between cave populations. Collectively, this work aims to provide the foundation to uncover the evolutionary mechanisms that enable hypoxia tolerance in fish. We believe these results provide novel context to adaptation to cave life and establish cavefish as a model to study hypoxia.

English

ISBN: 9798342717953Subjects--Topical Terms:

522710
Biology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Evolutionary mechanisms

Adaptation to Hypoxia in the Blind Mexican Cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus /
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520 $a Oxygen is a basic necessity of life for nearly all species. However, owing to environmental or medical conditions, the required concentration of oxygen to maintain metabolic demand may not be available. Interestingly, while some species struggle with even modest changes to oxygen concentration, others can withstand large fluctuations including periods of extremely low oxygen (hypoxia). Fishes inhabit nearly all aquatic environments, inclusive of well- and poorly- oxygenated conditions, making them especially suitable to study the effects of hypoxia. However, the evolutionary mechanisms that enabled these traits to arise are relatively unknown. The blind Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, presents a unique model to study both adaptations to hypoxia as well as the underlying evolutionary mechanisms. This species is comprised of two morphotypes, an 'ancestral-surrogate' surface morphotype that resides in well-oxygenated lakes, rivers, and streams of northeastern Mexico and the southwest United States, and an obligate cave-dwelling morphotype found in numerous distinct caves throughout the limestone karst of northeastern Mexico that are likely hypoxic. This drastic environmental shift prompted the necessity to adapt to the harsh conditions within caves. While many cavefish traits have been characterized, adaptations to hypoxia have received very little attention. In this dissertation, I aimed to begin to characterize traits in cavefish that may confer adaptive advantages to living in hypoxic conditions. First, we discuss empirical measurements of dissolved oxygen as well as the environmental features that likely contribute to the hypoxic condition of caves. We then investigated morphological changes to red blood cells that enable a higher concentration of hemoglobin protein in circulation. Subsequently, we set out to determine how individual hemoglobin orthologs are regulated to contribute to the aggregate increase of hemoglobin protein. Additionally, we revealed unexpected regulation of many known hypoxia-response genes. Finally, we quantified multiple gill morphologies to estimate total surface area for oxygen diffusion and to investigate differences in oxygen sensing between morphotypes as well as between cave populations. Collectively, this work aims to provide the foundation to uncover the evolutionary mechanisms that enable hypoxia tolerance in fish. We believe these results provide novel context to adaptation to cave life and establish cavefish as a model to study hypoxia.
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