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Impacts of Climate Change on Members...

Oswalt, Hannah E.,

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Impacts of Climate Change on Members of Shallow Water Antarctic Communities /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Impacts of Climate Change on Members of Shallow Water Antarctic Communities // Hannah E Oswalt.
Author:	Oswalt, Hannah E.,
Description:	1 electronic resource (177 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-07, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-07B.
Subject:	Ecology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31565442
ISBN:	9798346889908

Impacts of Climate Change on Members of Shallow Water Antarctic Communities /
Oswalt, Hannah E.,

Impacts of Climate Change on Members of Shallow Water Antarctic Communities /Hannah E Oswalt. - 1 electronic resource (177 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-07, Section: B.

Human-derived CO2 emissions have lowered the ocean's pH and increased global temperatures. Low seawater pH can decrease the calcification, growth, and survival of calcifying invertebrates. Furthermore, low pH changes macroalgal growth and stress, possibly altering palatability to consumers. Global warming has decreased sea ice coverage, profoundly influencing photosynthetic organisms by altering subsurface irradiance. Shallow, hard-bottom communities along the Western Antarctic Peninsula are characterized by large macroalgal forests that shelter large numbers of mesograzers. Amphipods and macroalgae have a community-wide mutualistic relationship where macroalgae provide refuge from predatory fish while amphipods remove competing epiphytes. To understand how climate change could impact members of this relationship, macroalgal-associated mesograzers were collected near Palmer Station, Antarctica (64°46'S, 64°03'W) and maintained under three different pH treatments [ambient (pH 8.1), near-future (pH 7.7), and distant-future conditions (pH 7.3)] for 52 days. Total assemblage number and the relative proportion of each species were similar across the treatments, indicating possible resistance to short-term low pH exposure. The amphipods Djberboa furcipes, Gondogeneia antarctica, and Prostebbingia gracilis were maintained under the pH treatments for 8 weeks. No difference in biochemical composition or survival was found between the treatments for any of the species. However, each species decreased molt activity between the ambient and pH 7.3 treatment. These results suggest that amphipods may maintain their survival in decreased pH by reallocating energy into compensatory behaviors and away from energy-expensive processes like molting. The palatability of the unpalatable Desmarestia menziesii and the palatable Palmaria decipiens were maintained under three pH treatments and then presented to the amphipod Gondogeneia antarctica in a feeding choice assay. Decreased seawater pH generally lowered the consumption of both species, suggesting that acidification may decrease the palatability of these macroalgae to consumers. Finally, biochemical composition, carbon and nitrogen percentages, and C:N were correlated with sea ice indices for the macroalgae D. menziesii, Himantothallus grandifolius, Sarcopeltis antarctica, and Iridaea sp. from a sea ice gradient. Surprisingly, most of the chemical components were not correlated with sea ice cover, indicating sea ice coverage does not change the nutritional contributions of macroalgae to food webs.

English

ISBN: 9798346889908Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Chemical defense

Impacts of Climate Change on Members of Shallow Water Antarctic Communities /
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245 1 0 $a Impacts of Climate Change on Members of Shallow Water Antarctic Communities / $c Hannah E Oswalt.
264 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2024
300 $a 1 electronic resource (177 pages)
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-07, Section: B.
500 $a Advisors: Amsler, Charles D. Committee members: McClintock, James B.; Krueger-Hadfield, Stacy A.; Morris, J. Jeffrey; Schram, Julie B.
502 $b Ph.D. $c The University of Alabama at Birmingham $d 2024.
520 $a Human-derived CO2 emissions have lowered the ocean's pH and increased global temperatures. Low seawater pH can decrease the calcification, growth, and survival of calcifying invertebrates. Furthermore, low pH changes macroalgal growth and stress, possibly altering palatability to consumers. Global warming has decreased sea ice coverage, profoundly influencing photosynthetic organisms by altering subsurface irradiance. Shallow, hard-bottom communities along the Western Antarctic Peninsula are characterized by large macroalgal forests that shelter large numbers of mesograzers. Amphipods and macroalgae have a community-wide mutualistic relationship where macroalgae provide refuge from predatory fish while amphipods remove competing epiphytes. To understand how climate change could impact members of this relationship, macroalgal-associated mesograzers were collected near Palmer Station, Antarctica (64°46'S, 64°03'W) and maintained under three different pH treatments [ambient (pH 8.1), near-future (pH 7.7), and distant-future conditions (pH 7.3)] for 52 days. Total assemblage number and the relative proportion of each species were similar across the treatments, indicating possible resistance to short-term low pH exposure. The amphipods Djberboa furcipes, Gondogeneia antarctica, and Prostebbingia gracilis were maintained under the pH treatments for 8 weeks. No difference in biochemical composition or survival was found between the treatments for any of the species. However, each species decreased molt activity between the ambient and pH 7.3 treatment. These results suggest that amphipods may maintain their survival in decreased pH by reallocating energy into compensatory behaviors and away from energy-expensive processes like molting. The palatability of the unpalatable Desmarestia menziesii and the palatable Palmaria decipiens were maintained under three pH treatments and then presented to the amphipod Gondogeneia antarctica in a feeding choice assay. Decreased seawater pH generally lowered the consumption of both species, suggesting that acidification may decrease the palatability of these macroalgae to consumers. Finally, biochemical composition, carbon and nitrogen percentages, and C:N were correlated with sea ice indices for the macroalgae D. menziesii, Himantothallus grandifolius, Sarcopeltis antarctica, and Iridaea sp. from a sea ice gradient. Surprisingly, most of the chemical components were not correlated with sea ice cover, indicating sea ice coverage does not change the nutritional contributions of macroalgae to food webs.
546 $a English
590 $a School code: 0005
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
650 4 $a Biology. $3 522710
650 4 $a Limnology. $3 545788
650 4 $a Microbiology. $3 536250
650 4 $a Climate change. $2 bicssc $3 2079509
650 4 $a Biological oceanography. $3 2122748
653 $a Chemical defense
653 $a Consumers
653 $a Herbivory
653 $a Nutritional quality
653 $a Seaweeds
690 $a 0329
690 $a 0306
690 $a 0410
690 $a 0404
690 $a 0416
690 $a 0793
710 2 $a The University of Alabama at Birmingham. $b Biology. $e degree granting institution. $3 3816959
720 1 $a Amsler, Charles D. $e degree supervisor.
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 86-07B.
790 $a 0005
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2024
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31565442