東華大學圖書館 |

Ecological Niches, Movement Ecology, and Energetics of Seabirds in the Eastern Pacific /

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Ecological Niches, Movement Ecology, and Energetics of Seabirds in the Eastern Pacific // Francis van Oordt.
作者:	Oordt, Francis van,
面頁冊數:	1 electronic resource (200 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-04A.
標題:	Physiology. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31527313
ISBN:	9798342111980

Ecological Niches, Movement Ecology, and Energetics of Seabirds in the Eastern Pacific /
Oordt, Francis van,

Ecological Niches, Movement Ecology, and Energetics of Seabirds in the Eastern Pacific /Francis van Oordt. - 1 electronic resource (200 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: A.

Understanding ecological niches of seabirds in the wild, especially how sympatric species share limited resources, maximize fitness, and cope with environmental variability in the face of large fluctuations in energy availability is important for conservation and management. In this dissertation, I aim to determine how seabirds use their ecological niches by first estimating energy expenditure and field activity budgets in one seabird species (Chapter 3), the Peruvian Booby (Sula variegata), one of the most abundant seabirds breeding in Peru, and a species of economic importance due to the guano industry. I used doubly labelled water to obtain daily energy expenditure in the Peruvian Booby for the first time, which resulted to be similar to other sulids. Additionally, I tested if energy expenditure can be estimated from time activity budgets and/or dynamic body acceleration. Dynamic body acceleration correlated with daily energy expenditure, showing that energy expenditure can be measured using accelerometers.Next, in Chapter 4, I determine how nutritional state varies across two years expanding my focus to two seabird species, the Peruvian Booby and the Guanay Cormorant (Phalacrocorax bougainvilii), sympatric fish-eaters. Using movement and nutritional data, I examined the foraging niches of these two species and how this is reflected in their fitness (via nutritional biomarkers) in two years with differing climatic conditions. As expected, seabirds increased their foraging distance from the colony during warm, El Nino-like conditions (2018) compared to cooler conditions (2019) but there was no impact on nutritional state. Seabirds may change foraging effort but not compromise their nutritional condition, potentially by sacrificing their current reproductive output (chick survival) to save energy for the next breeding cycle. However, the two species responded differently to warm conditions, implying that each species has a different nutritional niche.Finally, I examine how seabird isotopic niches segregate across five decades (Chapter 5), with increasing niche dimensionality from two to three to five niche dimensions. Using those approaches, I compared overlap and community-wide niche metrics of sympatric species off the coast of British Columbia. More dimensions, with careful interpretation, provided additional information on niche segregation, and revealed patterns not seen in lower dimensional approaches. This supports the Hutchinsonian idea of an n-dimensional niche in ecological communities with no overlapping species. That is, even if species appear to overlap in classic isotope biplots, they show segregation in higher dimensions.Overall, this thesis 1) highlights how the use of different methods in wild seabirds are necessary to study complex ecological systems, 2) provides the first measurements of energy expenditure of Peruvian Boobies, 3) correlates the relationship between foraging effort and physiology for Peruvian seabirds, and 4) provides evidence on how high multidimensionality in niche descriptions can provide more accurate information on segregation patterns of seabirds. My thesis increases knowledge on ecological niches of seabirds in the Eastern Pacific and demonstrates how complex systems require refined and long-term monitoring to further address the life history of wild predators.

English

ISBN: 9798342111980Subjects--Topical Terms:

518431
Physiology.

Ecological Niches, Movement Ecology, and Energetics of Seabirds in the Eastern Pacific /
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520 $a Understanding ecological niches of seabirds in the wild, especially how sympatric species share limited resources, maximize fitness, and cope with environmental variability in the face of large fluctuations in energy availability is important for conservation and management. In this dissertation, I aim to determine how seabirds use their ecological niches by first estimating energy expenditure and field activity budgets in one seabird species (Chapter 3), the Peruvian Booby (Sula variegata), one of the most abundant seabirds breeding in Peru, and a species of economic importance due to the guano industry. I used doubly labelled water to obtain daily energy expenditure in the Peruvian Booby for the first time, which resulted to be similar to other sulids. Additionally, I tested if energy expenditure can be estimated from time activity budgets and/or dynamic body acceleration. Dynamic body acceleration correlated with daily energy expenditure, showing that energy expenditure can be measured using accelerometers.Next, in Chapter 4, I determine how nutritional state varies across two years expanding my focus to two seabird species, the Peruvian Booby and the Guanay Cormorant (Phalacrocorax bougainvilii), sympatric fish-eaters. Using movement and nutritional data, I examined the foraging niches of these two species and how this is reflected in their fitness (via nutritional biomarkers) in two years with differing climatic conditions. As expected, seabirds increased their foraging distance from the colony during warm, El Nino-like conditions (2018) compared to cooler conditions (2019) but there was no impact on nutritional state. Seabirds may change foraging effort but not compromise their nutritional condition, potentially by sacrificing their current reproductive output (chick survival) to save energy for the next breeding cycle. However, the two species responded differently to warm conditions, implying that each species has a different nutritional niche.Finally, I examine how seabird isotopic niches segregate across five decades (Chapter 5), with increasing niche dimensionality from two to three to five niche dimensions. Using those approaches, I compared overlap and community-wide niche metrics of sympatric species off the coast of British Columbia. More dimensions, with careful interpretation, provided additional information on niche segregation, and revealed patterns not seen in lower dimensional approaches. This supports the Hutchinsonian idea of an n-dimensional niche in ecological communities with no overlapping species. That is, even if species appear to overlap in classic isotope biplots, they show segregation in higher dimensions.Overall, this thesis 1) highlights how the use of different methods in wild seabirds are necessary to study complex ecological systems, 2) provides the first measurements of energy expenditure of Peruvian Boobies, 3) correlates the relationship between foraging effort and physiology for Peruvian seabirds, and 4) provides evidence on how high multidimensionality in niche descriptions can provide more accurate information on segregation patterns of seabirds. My thesis increases knowledge on ecological niches of seabirds in the Eastern Pacific and demonstrates how complex systems require refined and long-term monitoring to further address the life history of wild predators.
520 $a Il est important pour la conservation et la gestion de la faune de comprendre les niches ecologiques des oiseaux marins, en particulier la facon dont les especes sympatriques partagent des ressources limitees, maximisent leur condition physique et font face aux variations environnementales liees a d'importantes fluctuations de la disponibilite energetique. Dans cette these, je cherche a determiner comment les oiseaux marins utilisent leurs niches ecologiques en estimant leurs depenses energetiques et leurs budgets d'activite en milieu naturel (Chapitre 3). Ceci est realise sur le Fou varie (Sula variegata) l'un des oiseaux marins les plus abondants se reproduisant au Perou, et est d'une grande importance economique en raison de l'industrie du guano. J'ai utilise la methode de l'eau doublement marquee pour obtenir la depense energetique quotidienne du Fou varie, une premiere chez l'espece, qui s'est averee similaire a celle d'autres sulides. De plus, je teste si la depense energetique peut etre estimee a partir des budgets d'activite temporelle et/ou de l'acceleration corporelle dynamique. L'acceleration dynamique du corps est en correlation avec la depense energetique quotidienne, ce qui montre que la depense energetique peut etre mesuree a l'aide d'accelerometres. Ensuite, dans le chapitre 4, j'ai determine comment l'etat nutritionnel varie entre deux annees, en utilisant deux especes d'oiseaux marins, le Fou varie et le Cormoran de Bougainville (Phalacrocorax bougainvilii), des piscivores sympatriques. A l'aide de donnees sur le mouvement et l'alimentation, j'ai examine les niches trophiques de ces deux especes et la facon dont cela se reflete dans leur condition physique (par le biais de biomarqueurs nutritionnels) au cours de deux annees ou les conditions climatiques etaient differentes. Comme prevu, les oiseaux marins ont augmente leur distance de recherche alimentaire pendant les conditions chaudes semblables a El Nino (2018) par rapport aux conditions plus fraiches (2019), sans impacter l'etat nutritionnel. Cela demontre que les oiseaux marins peuvent modifier leur effort de recherche alimentaire sans compromettre leur etat nutritionnel, potentiellement en sacrifiant leur rendement reproductif actuel (survie des poussins) afin d'economiser de l'energie pour le prochain cycle de reproduction. Cependant, les deux especes ont reagi differemment aux conditions chaudes, ce qui implique que chaque espece a une niche alimentaire differente. Enfin, j'ai examine comment les niches isotopiques des oiseaux marins se separent sur cinq decennies (chapitre 5), en augmentant la dimension des niches a deux, trois et cinq dimensions. En utilisant ces approches, j'ai compare le chevauchement et les mesures de niche a l'echelle de la communaute d'especes sympatriques au large de la cote de la Colombie-Britannique (Canada). Des dimensions plus importantes, avec une interpretation minutieuse, ont fourni des informations supplementaires sur la segregation des niches, et ont revele des schemas qui n'avaient pas ete observes dans les approches a dimensions plus faibles. Cela confirme l'idee d'une niche d'Hutchinson a n dimensions dans les communautes ecologiques ou les especes ne se chevauchent pas. En d'autres termes, meme si les especes semblent se chevaucher dans les diagrammes isotopiques classiques, elles presentent une segregation dans les dimensions superieures.
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