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Behavioral and Physiological Response to Human Disturbance of Free-ranging Wild Vertebrates /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Behavioral and Physiological Response to Human Disturbance of Free-ranging Wild Vertebrates // Betzi Perez Ortega.
Author:	Ortega, Betzi Perez,
Description:	1 electronic resource (167 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-03B.
Subject:	Physiology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31339239
ISBN:	9798384222163

Behavioral and Physiological Response to Human Disturbance of Free-ranging Wild Vertebrates /
Ortega, Betzi Perez,

Behavioral and Physiological Response to Human Disturbance of Free-ranging Wild Vertebrates /Betzi Perez Ortega. - 1 electronic resource (167 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.

Free-ranging wild vertebrates often encounter natural and anthropogenic stressors that trigger behavioral and physiological responses. To better understand how animals cope with such human disturbances, we focused on a resident population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the archipelago of Bocas del Toro in Panama. This population of dolphins is regularly exposed to intense boat traffic, which triggers changes in their behavior and acoustic communication; yet the physiological response to disturbance is unclear. The main objective of this thesis was to enhance our understanding of the impact of human disturbances such as whale-watching activities and the associated underwater noise on this species of cetaceans. In my first chapter, I conducted a meta-analysis to gain a better comprehension of the influence of human disturbances on baseline glucocorticoid (GC; biomarkers of stress) hormone levels in free-ranging wild vertebrates, focusing on the role of protected areas. The overall effect size suggested that human disturbance does not consistently increase GC hormone levels (Hedges' g = 0.307, 95% CI = -0.062 to 0.677). However, disturbances such as living in unprotected areas or areas with habitat conversion, like urbanization and agriculture, were found to elevate GC hormone levels. No consistent increase in baseline GC hormone levels was observed for ecotourism or habitat degradation, and mammals appeared more sensitive to human disturbance than birds. In my second chapter, I examined the dolphins whistle rate and structure in two sites of the archipelago that contrast in boat traffic interactions (taxi and tour-boats). We analyzed 1,726 hours of recordings and found differences in boat detection and whistle rates between the sites. Dolphin signature whistle modulation, possibly indicative of emotional states, increased significantly with boat presence in both sites, with greater changes in the site experiencing tour-boat interactions. These findings suggest an association between whistle modulation and stress (or alertness). Finally, using the same population of bottlenose dolphins, I investigated the underlying physiological consequences of boat traffic and noise. We quantified baseline blubber concentrations of glucocorticoids and reproductive steroid hormones in two sites that contrast in boat traffic. I found that dolphins from the site with high boat traffic had higher cortisol and corticosterone concentrations than those from the low boat traffic site. No evidence was found to indicate a negative association between cortisol and reproductive hormones at either site. In summary, my thesis demonstrated how the effect of human disturbance on wildlife is species-specific and shaped by environmental conditions of their habitat, emphasizing the importance of integrating different methods to have a better overview of the long-term effects. More specifically, my thesis showed how the type of boat and interaction with the dolphins can influence the acoustic behavior and metabolic hormones, both associated with stress responses. Comprehending both the acoustic and physiological consequences of boat traffic and interactions becomes crucial for directing conservation efforts. The potential implementation of local guidelines for tour-boat operators holds promise in minimizing disruptions to dolphin communication and emotional state.

English

ISBN: 9798384222163Subjects--Topical Terms:

518431
Physiology.

Behavioral and Physiological Response to Human Disturbance of Free-ranging Wild Vertebrates /
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245 1 0 $a Behavioral and Physiological Response to Human Disturbance of Free-ranging Wild Vertebrates / $c Betzi Perez Ortega.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
500 $a Advisors: May-Collado, Laura; Hendry, Andrew.
502 $b Ph.D. $c McGill University (Canada) $d 2024.
520 $a Free-ranging wild vertebrates often encounter natural and anthropogenic stressors that trigger behavioral and physiological responses. To better understand how animals cope with such human disturbances, we focused on a resident population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the archipelago of Bocas del Toro in Panama. This population of dolphins is regularly exposed to intense boat traffic, which triggers changes in their behavior and acoustic communication; yet the physiological response to disturbance is unclear. The main objective of this thesis was to enhance our understanding of the impact of human disturbances such as whale-watching activities and the associated underwater noise on this species of cetaceans. In my first chapter, I conducted a meta-analysis to gain a better comprehension of the influence of human disturbances on baseline glucocorticoid (GC; biomarkers of stress) hormone levels in free-ranging wild vertebrates, focusing on the role of protected areas. The overall effect size suggested that human disturbance does not consistently increase GC hormone levels (Hedges' g = 0.307, 95% CI = -0.062 to 0.677). However, disturbances such as living in unprotected areas or areas with habitat conversion, like urbanization and agriculture, were found to elevate GC hormone levels. No consistent increase in baseline GC hormone levels was observed for ecotourism or habitat degradation, and mammals appeared more sensitive to human disturbance than birds. In my second chapter, I examined the dolphins whistle rate and structure in two sites of the archipelago that contrast in boat traffic interactions (taxi and tour-boats). We analyzed 1,726 hours of recordings and found differences in boat detection and whistle rates between the sites. Dolphin signature whistle modulation, possibly indicative of emotional states, increased significantly with boat presence in both sites, with greater changes in the site experiencing tour-boat interactions. These findings suggest an association between whistle modulation and stress (or alertness). Finally, using the same population of bottlenose dolphins, I investigated the underlying physiological consequences of boat traffic and noise. We quantified baseline blubber concentrations of glucocorticoids and reproductive steroid hormones in two sites that contrast in boat traffic. I found that dolphins from the site with high boat traffic had higher cortisol and corticosterone concentrations than those from the low boat traffic site. No evidence was found to indicate a negative association between cortisol and reproductive hormones at either site. In summary, my thesis demonstrated how the effect of human disturbance on wildlife is species-specific and shaped by environmental conditions of their habitat, emphasizing the importance of integrating different methods to have a better overview of the long-term effects. More specifically, my thesis showed how the type of boat and interaction with the dolphins can influence the acoustic behavior and metabolic hormones, both associated with stress responses. Comprehending both the acoustic and physiological consequences of boat traffic and interactions becomes crucial for directing conservation efforts. The potential implementation of local guidelines for tour-boat operators holds promise in minimizing disruptions to dolphin communication and emotional state.
520 $a Les vertebres sauvages en liberte sont souvent confrontes a des facteurs de stress naturels et anthropiques qui declenchent des reponses comportementales et physiologiques. Pour mieux comprendre comment les animaux font face a de telles perturbations humaines, nous nous sommes concentres sur une population residente de grands dauphins (Tursiops truncatus) dans l'archipel de Bocas del Toro au Panama. Cette population de dauphins est regulierement exposee a un trafic maritime intense, ce qui declenche des changements dans leur comportement et leur communication acoustique ; pourtant, la reponse physiologique aux perturbations n'est pas claire. L'objectif principal de cette these etait d'ameliorer notre comprehension de l'impact des perturbations humaines telles que les activites d'observation des baleines et du bruit sous-marin associe sur cette espece de cetaces. Dans mon premier chapitre, j'ai mene une meta-analyse pour mieux comprendre l'influence des perturbations humaines sur les niveaux de base d'hormones glucocorticoides (GC; biomarqueurs du stress) chez les vertebres sauvages en liberte, en me concentrant sur le role des zones protegees. L'ampleur globale de l'effet suggere que les perturbations humaines n'augmentent pas systematiquement les niveaux d'hormones GC (g de Hedges = 0,307, IC a 95 % = -0,062 a 0,677). Cependant, des perturbations telles que le fait de vivre dans des zones non protegees ou des zones de conversion d'habitat, comme l'urbanisation et l'agriculture, elevent les niveaux d'hormones GC. Aucune augmentation constante des niveaux de base d'hormones GC n'a ete observee pour l'ecotourisme ou la degradation de l'habitat, et les mammiferes semblaient plus sensibles aux perturbations humaines que les oiseaux. Dans mon deuxieme chapitre, j'ai examine le rythme et la structure du sifflement des dauphins dans deux sites de l'archipel qui contrastent dans les interactions du trafic maritime (taxi et bateaux d'excursion). Nous avons analyse 1 726 heures d'enregistrement et constate des differences dans les taux de detection des bateaux et de sifflets entre les sites. La modulation du sifflement de la signature des dauphins, peut-etre revelatrice d'etats emotionnels, a augmente de maniere significative avec la presence du bateau sur les deux sites, avec des changements plus importants dans le site subissant des interactions avec les bateaux d'excursion. Ces resultats suggerent une association entre la modulation du sifflement et le stress (ou la vigilance). Enfin, en utilisant la meme population de grands dauphins, j'ai etudie les consequences physiologiques sous-jacentes du trafic maritime et du bruit. Nous avons quantifie les concentrations de base de graisse de glucocorticoides et d'hormones steroides reproductives dans deux sites contrastant avec la circulation des bateaux. J'ai decouvert que les dauphins du site a fort trafic de bateaux avaient des concentrations de cortisol et de corticosterone plus elevees que ceux du site a faible trafic de bateaux. Aucune preuve n'a ete trouvee indiquant une association negative entre le cortisol et les hormones reproductives sur l'un ou l'autre site. En resume, ma these a demontre comment l'effet des perturbations humaines sur la faune est specifique a l'espece et faconne par les conditions environnementales de leur habitat, soulignant l'importance d'integrer differentes methodes pour avoir une meilleure vue d'ensemble des effets a long terme. Plus specifiquement, ma these a montre comment le type de bateau et l'interaction avec les dauphins peuvent influencer le comportement acoustique et les hormones metaboliques, tous deux associes aux reponses au stress. Comprendre les consequences acoustiques et physiologiques du trafic maritime et des interactions devient crucial pour orienter les efforts de conservation. La mise en oeuvre potentielle de directives locales pour les operateurs de bateaux d'excursion est prometteuse pour minimiser les perturbations de la communication et de l'etat emotionnel des dauphins.
546 $a English
590 $a School code: 0781
650 4 $a Physiology. $3 518431
650 4 $a Hormones. $3 548778
650 4 $a Communication. $3 524709
650 4 $a Mortality. $3 533218
650 4 $a Stress response. $3 3684641
650 4 $a Boats. $3 3685292
650 4 $a Reptiles & amphibians. $3 3560366
650 4 $a Metabolism. $3 541349
650 4 $a Ecosystems. $3 595401
650 4 $a Coasts. $3 545629
650 4 $a Sound. $3 542298
650 4 $a Stress. $3 524402
650 4 $a Endangered & extinct species. $3 3560222
650 4 $a Biopsy. $3 1360224
650 4 $a Biomarkers. $3 2205735
650 4 $a Marine mammals. $3 681032
650 4 $a Acoustics. $3 879105
650 4 $a Birds. $3 516253
650 4 $a Plastic pollution. $3 3685360
650 4 $a Extinction. $3 3685255
650 4 $a Dolphins & porpoises. $3 3695302
650 4 $a Aquatic sciences. $3 3174300
650 4 $a Biological oceanography. $3 2122748
650 4 $a Endocrinology. $3 610914
650 4 $a Wildlife conservation. $2 fast $3 542165
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