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Host-Microbe Relationships in the Ma...

Rede, Jordan Emilio,

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Host-Microbe Relationships in the Marine Environment: Exploring the Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses and Their Possible Roles in Host-Related Health /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Host-Microbe Relationships in the Marine Environment: Exploring the Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses and Their Possible Roles in Host-Related Health // Jordan Emilio Rede.
Author:	Rede, Jordan Emilio,
Description:	1 electronic resource (133 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-03B.
Subject:	Microbiology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31336128
ISBN:	9798384049470

Host-Microbe Relationships in the Marine Environment: Exploring the Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses and Their Possible Roles in Host-Related Health /
Rede, Jordan Emilio,

Host-Microbe Relationships in the Marine Environment: Exploring the Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses and Their Possible Roles in Host-Related Health /Jordan Emilio Rede. - 1 electronic resource (133 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.

Microorganisms, including viruses, associate with all living things. Despite their small size, however, plant and animal associated microorganisms exert considerable influences on their hosts. Moreover, microbes help drive many facets of ecosystem functioning, which include ecologically important processes like biogeochemical cycling and the remineralization of organic matter. In the marine environment, over a century of investigation has constrained the role of free-living microorganisms in ecological processes. However, there are significant knowledge gaps surrounding host-microbe relationships. In this dissertation, I address this deficit by investigating three areas of limited understanding - the diversity of RNA viruses associated with seagrasses, temporal variation in seagrass associated prokaryotes, and the effect of disease on the microbiome of diverse organisms. In chapter 2, I present the results of an RNA viral discovery project. Plant viruses are widespread in nature and heavily influence plant communities, but while we know a great deal about the plant viruses in terrestrial systems, there is little information about the viruses that infect marine plants. The results of this project highlight the diversity of RNA viruses in seagrasses, and they provide important data for future investigations into the role of viruses in seagrass biology and ecology. In Chapter 3, I investigated the root and leaf microbiomes of the seagrass Zostera marina in a eutrophic estuary, which took place over part of the growing season during two non-consecutive summers. The results of this study revealed highly reproducible shifts in the Z. marina microbiome that may be consequential for seagrass conservation. We observed positive shifts in identical clades of copiotrophic microbes over both summers, which suggests that fast growing microbes become more dominant towards the end of summer. Furthermore, sulfate reducing bacteria increased with respect to sulfide oxidizers, which suggests that Z. marina may become progressively more susceptible to sulfide stress. In Chapter 4, I conduct a meta-analysis of the pathobiome of marine organisms that incorporates diverse flora and fauna and multiple diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether microbial traits are independently associated with diseases and to identify common microorganisms. The results of this analysis show that pathobiomes of diseased organisms are more likely to be enriched with fast growing and anaerobic bacteria, which reveals possible links between marine diseases and the environment surrounding dying plants and animals. This dissertation covers a broad range of ecological questions and provides novel insights into the diverse relationships between microorganisms and their hosts. The results from the preceding chapters advances our understanding of host-microbe relationships in marine organisms and provides the foundation for ongoing investigations into the complex dynamics of microbes and their hosts.

English

ISBN: 9798384049470Subjects--Topical Terms:

536250
Microbiology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

RNA viruses

Host-Microbe Relationships in the Marine Environment: Exploring the Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses and Their Possible Roles in Host-Related Health /
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520 $a Microorganisms, including viruses, associate with all living things. Despite their small size, however, plant and animal associated microorganisms exert considerable influences on their hosts. Moreover, microbes help drive many facets of ecosystem functioning, which include ecologically important processes like biogeochemical cycling and the remineralization of organic matter. In the marine environment, over a century of investigation has constrained the role of free-living microorganisms in ecological processes. However, there are significant knowledge gaps surrounding host-microbe relationships. In this dissertation, I address this deficit by investigating three areas of limited understanding - the diversity of RNA viruses associated with seagrasses, temporal variation in seagrass associated prokaryotes, and the effect of disease on the microbiome of diverse organisms. In chapter 2, I present the results of an RNA viral discovery project. Plant viruses are widespread in nature and heavily influence plant communities, but while we know a great deal about the plant viruses in terrestrial systems, there is little information about the viruses that infect marine plants. The results of this project highlight the diversity of RNA viruses in seagrasses, and they provide important data for future investigations into the role of viruses in seagrass biology and ecology. In Chapter 3, I investigated the root and leaf microbiomes of the seagrass Zostera marina in a eutrophic estuary, which took place over part of the growing season during two non-consecutive summers. The results of this study revealed highly reproducible shifts in the Z. marina microbiome that may be consequential for seagrass conservation. We observed positive shifts in identical clades of copiotrophic microbes over both summers, which suggests that fast growing microbes become more dominant towards the end of summer. Furthermore, sulfate reducing bacteria increased with respect to sulfide oxidizers, which suggests that Z. marina may become progressively more susceptible to sulfide stress. In Chapter 4, I conduct a meta-analysis of the pathobiome of marine organisms that incorporates diverse flora and fauna and multiple diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether microbial traits are independently associated with diseases and to identify common microorganisms. The results of this analysis show that pathobiomes of diseased organisms are more likely to be enriched with fast growing and anaerobic bacteria, which reveals possible links between marine diseases and the environment surrounding dying plants and animals. This dissertation covers a broad range of ecological questions and provides novel insights into the diverse relationships between microorganisms and their hosts. The results from the preceding chapters advances our understanding of host-microbe relationships in marine organisms and provides the foundation for ongoing investigations into the complex dynamics of microbes and their hosts.
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