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Evaluation of Triploid Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) for Northeastern Waters: Assessment of Growth, Immunity, Disease and Survival /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Evaluation of Triploid Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) for Northeastern Waters: Assessment of Growth, Immunity, Disease and Survival // Christopher Brianik.
Author:	Brianik, Christopher,
Description:	1 electronic resource (246 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-03B.
Subject:	Biology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31297943
ISBN:	9798384046479

Evaluation of Triploid Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) for Northeastern Waters: Assessment of Growth, Immunity, Disease and Survival /
Brianik, Christopher,

Evaluation of Triploid Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) for Northeastern Waters: Assessment of Growth, Immunity, Disease and Survival /Christopher Brianik. - 1 electronic resource (246 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.

Oysters in the US are valued at more than 250 million dollars annually, with yearly sales of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) having quintupled in the last two decades alone. Historically, oysters have been a wild harvest product but due to diminishing wild stocks and increasing demand, production has largely shifted to hatchery reared and aquaculture farmed oysters. Several innovations have accompanied this switch, with one of the most notable being the production of sterile triploid oysters which can grow ~ 30% faster and maintain superior meat qualities than diploid oysters. Triploid oyster production started in the late 1990's and now accounts for the majority of farm raised oysters in numerous regions, such as Virginia, the Gulf of Mexico, France, and China. Despite their popularity, the northeastern (North of Delaware) United States has been relatively slow to incorporate this technology, with anecdotal reports from oyster farmers suggesting poor triploid performance in the New York region (i.e., "triploid mortality"). Currently there exists exceedingly little data concerning triploids in this region, with limited understanding of how oyster line and northern climates may influence triploid performance. Furthermore, the cellular dynamics of these animals are also believed to be influenced by polyploidy, though the extent and details are largely unaddressed and likely important to questions surrounding "triploid mortality". This dissertation sought to address these knowledge gaps by assessing the performance of triploid eastern oysters in New York and the region across multiple age classes, multiple genetic lineages and disparate spawns. The study used a combination of laboratory and field experiments to assess if triploids are indeed more "frail" as farmers have suggested, at what age classes these differences should be expected, and how ploidy may influence disease or immune performances. Results showed that triploids were frailer than diploids during early ontogenetic stages when exposed to bacterial pathogens, though differences decreased rapidly and were undetectable when oysters became spat size. Once in the field, triploids displayed greater growth compared to diploids regardless of their genetic backgrounds and location, while survivorship was similar. Disease levels (i.e., Perkinsus marinus and MSX) during the field grow out phase (~1.5 years) were also similar between diploids and triploids. However, when oysters from both ploidies were experimentally infected (with Perkinsus marinus), triploids displayed increased survival suggesting greater parasite tolerance than diploids. To better understand these outcomes, triploid cellular biology was further evaluated with a focus on the evaluation of the effect of DNA content on innate immunity. Extracellular traps (ETs) are an innate immune response derived from DNA and as such were evaluated to understand if triploidy may enhance immunity relative to diploids. Interestingly, though triploids produced larger and more frequent ETs, both ploidies displayed equal bacterial neutralization efficacy, suggesting triploid and diploid cellular compositions may be similar excluding DNA content. Overall, this dissertation found that triploid oysters displayed performance benefits (improved growth without tradeoffs in mortality or disease pressure), with no signs indicating "triploid mortality". Additionally, novel data concerning triploid oyster immunity was generated and highlights how the effect of ploidy on cell size can have cascading influence on organismal performance. In conclusion, triploid oysters should provide industry benefits for aquaculture in the Northeast though age class, genetics, location and stressors will influence the extent of benefits received.

English

ISBN: 9798384046479Subjects--Topical Terms:

522710
Biology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Aquaculture

Evaluation of Triploid Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) for Northeastern Waters: Assessment of Growth, Immunity, Disease and Survival /
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