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Ecological Restoration of the Native...

Schulte, David Martin,

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Ecological Restoration of the Native Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to Chesapeake Bay /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Ecological Restoration of the Native Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to Chesapeake Bay // David Martin Schulte.
Author:	Schulte, David Martin,
Description:	1 electronic resource (194 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-06, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-06B.
Subject:	Ecology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30816293
ISBN:	9798381114041

Ecological Restoration of the Native Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to Chesapeake Bay /
Schulte, David Martin,

Ecological Restoration of the Native Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to Chesapeake Bay /David Martin Schulte. - 1 electronic resource (194 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-06, Section: B.

Native oyster populations have largely collapsed worldwide, with extensive losses of habitat and ecological function. Efforts to restore oysters have been initiated in Europe, Australia, China and North America. In 2004, the first large-scale oyster restoration project was constructed in Chesapeake Bay, employing novel methods including increasing reef height to mimic preexploitation reefs, enlarged reef area to address spatial scale, and augmenting recruitment. Highrelief reefs (HRR) were built from 25-40 cm in height to better mimic pre-exploitation reefs, while low-relief reefs (LRR) were built at 6-8 cm off existing bottom, mimicking repletion methods by state fishery management agencies used for almost a century. Results documented in 2009 for the HRR were very promising but questions remained regarding longevity of these reefs, as no restoration construction at the time showed evidence of long-term persistence nor gain in function, declining significantly within five years post-construction. We document here the ongoing high performance and long-term persistence of this restored oyster reef network, located in the Great Wicomico River, Virginia. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the topic. Chapter 2 is a thorough description and analysis of the history of the oyster fishery in Virginia from colonial times to the present. To properly restore oysters, an understanding of what happened to them and their habitat since European colonization was deemed necessary to avoid the mistake of shifting the baseline. Such a shift would lead to a lowering of standards, necessary research, and development of restoration methods such that restoration failure would likely continue. Chapter 3 assesses the efficiency of the fishing gear, an oyster patent tong, to measure the number of oysters precisely and accurately in a given sample. As it is our chosen gear for monitoring throughout the study period, it was essential to ensure the monitoring gear chosen was sufficient to produce reliable results. Chapter 4 investigated the recruitment signal in the Great Wicomico River, compared it to pre-construction data and determined that the recruitment signal in the river was enhanced, beginning several years post-construction of the sanctuary reefs. The assessment also provided information that suggests the stock-recruitment signal for oysters is strongly influenced by regional weather patterns, with drought conditions significantly enhancing the recruitment signal, even when stock levels are too low to see any distinct pattern between stock and recruitment. Chapter 5 documents the results of all monitoring data from 2006-2019 and, due to this, also serves as my ending discussion. Oyster densities, biomass and shell volume were examined. Results suggest the restored reef network has successfully transitioned to a self-sustaining reef system, with high density and biomass/m2 on the HRR, along with a positive shell budget. LRR lags far behind regarding density and biomass/m2 and does not demonstrate a positive shell budget over time. The HRR is also demonstrating a positive rate of reef height gain relative to local sea level rise. Overall, our data suggest that native oyster restoration can be successful, though novel methods were required to do so.

English

ISBN: 9798381114041Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Oyster

Ecological Restoration of the Native Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to Chesapeake Bay /
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245 1 0 $a Ecological Restoration of the Native Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to Chesapeake Bay / $c David Martin Schulte.
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300 $a 1 electronic resource (194 pages)
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-06, Section: B.
500 $a Advisors: Lipcius, Romauld Committee members: Seitz, Rochelle; Shen, Jian; Weng, Kevin; Grizzle, Raymond.
502 $b Ph.D. $c The College of William and Mary $d 2024.
520 $a Native oyster populations have largely collapsed worldwide, with extensive losses of habitat and ecological function. Efforts to restore oysters have been initiated in Europe, Australia, China and North America. In 2004, the first large-scale oyster restoration project was constructed in Chesapeake Bay, employing novel methods including increasing reef height to mimic preexploitation reefs, enlarged reef area to address spatial scale, and augmenting recruitment. Highrelief reefs (HRR) were built from 25-40 cm in height to better mimic pre-exploitation reefs, while low-relief reefs (LRR) were built at 6-8 cm off existing bottom, mimicking repletion methods by state fishery management agencies used for almost a century. Results documented in 2009 for the HRR were very promising but questions remained regarding longevity of these reefs, as no restoration construction at the time showed evidence of long-term persistence nor gain in function, declining significantly within five years post-construction. We document here the ongoing high performance and long-term persistence of this restored oyster reef network, located in the Great Wicomico River, Virginia. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the topic. Chapter 2 is a thorough description and analysis of the history of the oyster fishery in Virginia from colonial times to the present. To properly restore oysters, an understanding of what happened to them and their habitat since European colonization was deemed necessary to avoid the mistake of shifting the baseline. Such a shift would lead to a lowering of standards, necessary research, and development of restoration methods such that restoration failure would likely continue. Chapter 3 assesses the efficiency of the fishing gear, an oyster patent tong, to measure the number of oysters precisely and accurately in a given sample. As it is our chosen gear for monitoring throughout the study period, it was essential to ensure the monitoring gear chosen was sufficient to produce reliable results. Chapter 4 investigated the recruitment signal in the Great Wicomico River, compared it to pre-construction data and determined that the recruitment signal in the river was enhanced, beginning several years post-construction of the sanctuary reefs. The assessment also provided information that suggests the stock-recruitment signal for oysters is strongly influenced by regional weather patterns, with drought conditions significantly enhancing the recruitment signal, even when stock levels are too low to see any distinct pattern between stock and recruitment. Chapter 5 documents the results of all monitoring data from 2006-2019 and, due to this, also serves as my ending discussion. Oyster densities, biomass and shell volume were examined. Results suggest the restored reef network has successfully transitioned to a self-sustaining reef system, with high density and biomass/m2 on the HRR, along with a positive shell budget. LRR lags far behind regarding density and biomass/m2 and does not demonstrate a positive shell budget over time. The HRR is also demonstrating a positive rate of reef height gain relative to local sea level rise. Overall, our data suggest that native oyster restoration can be successful, though novel methods were required to do so.
546 $a English
590 $a School code: 0261
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
650 4 $a Biological oceanography. $3 2122748
650 4 $a Biology. $3 522710
653 $a Oyster
653 $a Reef
653 $a Restoration
653 $a Sea level rise
653 $a Ecological function
690 $a 0329
690 $a 0416
690 $a 0306
710 2 $a The College of William and Mary. $b School of Marine Science. $e degree granting institution. $3 3770601
720 1 $a Lipcius, Romauld $e degree supervisor.
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 85-06B.
790 $a 0261
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2024
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30816293