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How Natural Pixel Arrays are Made: U...

Loh, Ling Sheng,

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How Natural Pixel Arrays are Made: Unraveling the Genetics of Pattern Formation and Color Scale Specification in Butterfly Wings /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	How Natural Pixel Arrays are Made: Unraveling the Genetics of Pattern Formation and Color Scale Specification in Butterfly Wings // Ling Sheng Loh.
Author:	Loh, Ling Sheng,
Description:	1 electronic resource (208 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-03B.
Subject:	Evolution & development. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30988851
ISBN:	9798384069324

How Natural Pixel Arrays are Made: Unraveling the Genetics of Pattern Formation and Color Scale Specification in Butterfly Wings /
Loh, Ling Sheng,

How Natural Pixel Arrays are Made: Unraveling the Genetics of Pattern Formation and Color Scale Specification in Butterfly Wings /Ling Sheng Loh. - 1 electronic resource (208 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.

Biological systems present immense robustness to environmental, genetic and stochastic variation, within which butterfly wings emerge as a prime model. Void of complexities during morphogenesis like tissue remodeling and cell migration, butterfly wings provide excellent study models to explore how morphogenetic processes provide links between genotypes and phenotypes. Adult wings are adorned by dense, orderly spaced and horizontally ordered scale cells that contain specific combinations of pigments and morphology. Morphogenetic processes begin in larval wing imaginal discs, in a similar way to the fly Drosophila, where the wing tissue is specified in terms of dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axes. Of note, unlike in Drosophila, butterfly wing imaginal discs do not evert, such that both Proximodistal and anterior-posterior axes of the imaginal discs resemble the final adult wing, with the additional basal matrix separating the apposing ventral and dorsal surfaces. Upon metamorphosis, wing morphogenesis involves the structural remodeling of veins and margin, during which specification of sensory organ precursors (SOPs) results in two successive rounds of division to produce scale- and socket-building cells, processes largely similar to those to produce bristle-producing cells on Drosophila wings. Thanks to the robust development of wings, our current understanding of pupal wing morphogenesis has been furthered by the flexibility to manipulate the system for in vivo live imaging, where lineage reconstruction can recover the timing of division, scale formation and structural elaboration. Dissecting the development of butterfly wing color patterns is key to understanding the basic principles guiding the bauplan of this two dimensional, bilayered epithelial tissue. While the past century of work in lepidoptera revealed a fundamental ground plan upon which deviations produce diverse wing color patterns, a chronological profile of molecular factors from gene regulatory networks at different timepoints remains unknown. This work serves to identify key genetic players of three main processes of butterfly wing development in the pupa, 1) the prepatterning of pattern compartment boundaries, 2) the determination of scale cell identities 3) the generation of elaborate extracellular cuticular processes. By comparing with the established Drosophila model, lepidopteran scale development provides additional mechanistic insights into how to remodel a canonical differentiation program to produce scales built from the same cellular architecture, but different in their optical properties. The 1-to-1 genotype to phenotype correlation of scale-building cell to the 'pixel' on the wing presents lepidopteran wing scales as a powerful system to address developmental questions. These questions range from how pattern boundaries are specified in Chapter 2, how cell fates are acquired during rapid mitotic divisions and endocycling events that drive cellular and tissue growth in Chapter 3, to cell-autonomous acquisition of sexual identity that confers a distinct secondary sexual trait in Chapter 4. Ultimately, this work uses butterfly wing scale development to shed light on how diverse phenotypes arise by manipulating processes during development.

English

ISBN: 9798384069324Subjects--Topical Terms:

3172418
Evolution & development.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Genomics

How Natural Pixel Arrays are Made: Unraveling the Genetics of Pattern Formation and Color Scale Specification in Butterfly Wings /
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500 $a Advisors: Martin, Arnaud Committee members: Eleftherianos, Ioannis; Zheng, Xiaoyan.
502 $b Ph.D. $c The George Washington University $d 2024.
520 $a Biological systems present immense robustness to environmental, genetic and stochastic variation, within which butterfly wings emerge as a prime model. Void of complexities during morphogenesis like tissue remodeling and cell migration, butterfly wings provide excellent study models to explore how morphogenetic processes provide links between genotypes and phenotypes. Adult wings are adorned by dense, orderly spaced and horizontally ordered scale cells that contain specific combinations of pigments and morphology. Morphogenetic processes begin in larval wing imaginal discs, in a similar way to the fly Drosophila, where the wing tissue is specified in terms of dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axes. Of note, unlike in Drosophila, butterfly wing imaginal discs do not evert, such that both Proximodistal and anterior-posterior axes of the imaginal discs resemble the final adult wing, with the additional basal matrix separating the apposing ventral and dorsal surfaces. Upon metamorphosis, wing morphogenesis involves the structural remodeling of veins and margin, during which specification of sensory organ precursors (SOPs) results in two successive rounds of division to produce scale- and socket-building cells, processes largely similar to those to produce bristle-producing cells on Drosophila wings. Thanks to the robust development of wings, our current understanding of pupal wing morphogenesis has been furthered by the flexibility to manipulate the system for in vivo live imaging, where lineage reconstruction can recover the timing of division, scale formation and structural elaboration. Dissecting the development of butterfly wing color patterns is key to understanding the basic principles guiding the bauplan of this two dimensional, bilayered epithelial tissue. While the past century of work in lepidoptera revealed a fundamental ground plan upon which deviations produce diverse wing color patterns, a chronological profile of molecular factors from gene regulatory networks at different timepoints remains unknown. This work serves to identify key genetic players of three main processes of butterfly wing development in the pupa, 1) the prepatterning of pattern compartment boundaries, 2) the determination of scale cell identities 3) the generation of elaborate extracellular cuticular processes. By comparing with the established Drosophila model, lepidopteran scale development provides additional mechanistic insights into how to remodel a canonical differentiation program to produce scales built from the same cellular architecture, but different in their optical properties. The 1-to-1 genotype to phenotype correlation of scale-building cell to the 'pixel' on the wing presents lepidopteran wing scales as a powerful system to address developmental questions. These questions range from how pattern boundaries are specified in Chapter 2, how cell fates are acquired during rapid mitotic divisions and endocycling events that drive cellular and tissue growth in Chapter 3, to cell-autonomous acquisition of sexual identity that confers a distinct secondary sexual trait in Chapter 4. Ultimately, this work uses butterfly wing scale development to shed light on how diverse phenotypes arise by manipulating processes during development.
546 $a English
590 $a School code: 0075
650 4 $a Evolution & development. $3 3172418
650 4 $a Genetics. $3 530508
650 4 $a Molecular biology. $3 517296
653 $a Genomics
653 $a Lepidoptera
653 $a Single-cell sequencing
653 $a Pattern formation
653 $a Butterfly wing
690 $a 0412
690 $a 0369
690 $a 0307
710 2 $a The George Washington University. $b Biological Sciences. $e degree granting institution. $3 3816309
720 1 $a Martin, Arnaud $e degree supervisor.
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 86-03B.
790 $a 0075
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2024
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30988851