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Seeing Through the Haze: Developing ...

Reynisson, Hallur,

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Seeing Through the Haze: Developing Optimal Stimulation for Bionic Eyes /

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Seeing Through the Haze: Developing Optimal Stimulation for Bionic Eyes // Hallur Reynisson.
Author:	Reynisson, Hallur,
Description:	1 electronic resource (390 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-08, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-08B.
Subject:	Surgeons. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31863947
ISBN:	9798304901390

Seeing Through the Haze: Developing Optimal Stimulation for Bionic Eyes /
Reynisson, Hallur,

Seeing Through the Haze: Developing Optimal Stimulation for Bionic Eyes /Hallur Reynisson. - 1 electronic resource (390 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-08, Section: B.

Though all bionic implants aimed at granting sight to the blind have been able to elicit some form of visual experiences, their ability to provide clear and functional vision remains limited. These limitations may stem from naive approaches that ignore factors affecting stimulation efficacy, such as alterations of the form and function of the visual system due to remodeling, and signaling cogency, as indiscriminate activation of functionally opposing neurons drives discordant information to higher regions. This thesis aimed to address such gaps in knowledge.Specifically, this thesis studied site-specific alterations in late-stage retinal remodeling by assessing areas of glial dysfunction, due to their relevance to stimulation efficacy, in clinically relevant disease stages. We found a significant decline in glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity as a function of age, in the degenerate retina with high intra-eye variability, suggesting the need to understand the localized retinal condition being stimulated. Findings revealed significant but weak correlations between nuclear migration and alterations to the plexiform layers and lowered stimulation efficacy. Findings suggested that an induced model with a lower binocular overlap could increase clinical translatability due to likely increased cortical alterations, resulting in the validated rabbit ATP model. Finally, to assess preferential activation of opposing functional pathways, an in-depth examination of the efficacy of high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of healthy and degenerate retinae was performed, assessing their ability to drive the activity of opposing feature detectors in the primary visual cortex in vivo. We noted that no specific frequency amplitude range of HFS was preferred by any population. However, ON dominant neurons were preferentially activated in healthy rats, while in degenerated RCS rats, OFF dominant neurons were most responsive to HFS. Furthermore, RCS V1 neurons demonstrated a shift in firing dynamics toward rapid chatter burst firing patterns, with reduced complexity, emphasizing the nuance of facilitating preferential and useful stimulation.In summary, this body of work aimed to improve bionic eye implementation through a deepening of our understanding of the alterations the visual system undergoes following photoreceptor loss, their relation to stimulation efficacy, and the in vivo assessment of cutting edge stimulation strategies to improve patient percepts.

English

ISBN: 9798304901390Subjects--Topical Terms:

822890
Surgeons.
Subjects--Index Terms:

High-frequency electrical stimulation

Seeing Through the Haze: Developing Optimal Stimulation for Bionic Eyes /
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520 $a Though all bionic implants aimed at granting sight to the blind have been able to elicit some form of visual experiences, their ability to provide clear and functional vision remains limited. These limitations may stem from naive approaches that ignore factors affecting stimulation efficacy, such as alterations of the form and function of the visual system due to remodeling, and signaling cogency, as indiscriminate activation of functionally opposing neurons drives discordant information to higher regions. This thesis aimed to address such gaps in knowledge.Specifically, this thesis studied site-specific alterations in late-stage retinal remodeling by assessing areas of glial dysfunction, due to their relevance to stimulation efficacy, in clinically relevant disease stages. We found a significant decline in glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity as a function of age, in the degenerate retina with high intra-eye variability, suggesting the need to understand the localized retinal condition being stimulated. Findings revealed significant but weak correlations between nuclear migration and alterations to the plexiform layers and lowered stimulation efficacy. Findings suggested that an induced model with a lower binocular overlap could increase clinical translatability due to likely increased cortical alterations, resulting in the validated rabbit ATP model. Finally, to assess preferential activation of opposing functional pathways, an in-depth examination of the efficacy of high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of healthy and degenerate retinae was performed, assessing their ability to drive the activity of opposing feature detectors in the primary visual cortex in vivo. We noted that no specific frequency amplitude range of HFS was preferred by any population. However, ON dominant neurons were preferentially activated in healthy rats, while in degenerated RCS rats, OFF dominant neurons were most responsive to HFS. Furthermore, RCS V1 neurons demonstrated a shift in firing dynamics toward rapid chatter burst firing patterns, with reduced complexity, emphasizing the nuance of facilitating preferential and useful stimulation.In summary, this body of work aimed to improve bionic eye implementation through a deepening of our understanding of the alterations the visual system undergoes following photoreceptor loss, their relation to stimulation efficacy, and the in vivo assessment of cutting edge stimulation strategies to improve patient percepts.
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