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Effects of Internal Migration, Trade...

Huynh, Nghiem Quang,

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Effects of Internal Migration, Trade Liberalization, and Place-Based Tax Policies on Inequalities in Vietnam /

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Effects of Internal Migration, Trade Liberalization, and Place-Based Tax Policies on Inequalities in Vietnam // Nghiem Quang Huynh.
作者:	Huynh, Nghiem Quang,
面頁冊數:	1 electronic resource (132 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-02A.
標題:	Public policy. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30996513
ISBN:	9798383565742

Effects of Internal Migration, Trade Liberalization, and Place-Based Tax Policies on Inequalities in Vietnam /
Huynh, Nghiem Quang,

Effects of Internal Migration, Trade Liberalization, and Place-Based Tax Policies on Inequalities in Vietnam /Nghiem Quang Huynh. - 1 electronic resource (132 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: A.

Spatial inequality and demographic imbalances are pressing concerns in many developing countries, as they can hinder economic growth, social stability, and overall well-being. This dissertation examines the effects of policy interventions on spatial inequality and demographic outcomes in the unique context of Vietnam. The first chapter quantifies the impact of place-based tax incentives and eased migration barriers on spatial inequality, while the second chapter investigates the relationship between trade liberalization and the elevated sex ratio at birth (SRB).In the first chapter, I develop a dynamic general equilibrium model that allows for rich interactions between place-based and migration policies, government services, and people's responses. The model incorporates the potential trade-off between attracting firms through place-based tax incentives and the cost to the government budget, as revenue depends on both the number of firms and tax rates. Furthermore, reducing migration barriers to cities can lead to an influx of workers and firms due to agglomeration forces, which may exacerbate inequality. However, this influx can also congest public services like hospitals and schools which both workers and firms value. Consequently, the effects of place-based policies and easing migration barriers on regional inequality are ambiguous, necessitating a quantitative analysis in the specific context of Vietnam.To quantify these effects, I use detailed micro-level data and novel identification strategies that integrate reduced-form equations with quasi-experimental methods. By exploiting actual policy changes in difference-in-differences frameworks, I identify the firm entry elasticity and changes in migration costs. My analysis yields three key findings: (1) place-based tax incentives effectively reduce spatial inequality by attracting firms without substantially compromising public services; (2) easing migration barriers to developed areas reduces inequality but also lowers welfare in these cities; and (3) combining tax incentives in underdeveloped regions with lower migration barriers to developed areas is more effective at reducing spatial inequality than implementing either policy in isolation.The second chapter connects Vietnam's elevated sex ratio at birth to the 2001 US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA). I develop a quantity-quality model to consider the impact of trade shocks on SRB through three distinct channels: income, relative returns, and fertility. Using household data and a difference-in-difference design, I compare outcomes for parents who experienced different tariff shocks before and after the BTA enactment. The results support the model predictions, with the strongest evidence favoring the fertility channel. Mothers exposed to greater tariff reductions experience an increase in male infants, a decrease in their likelihood of giving birth, and an increase in work hours.Overall, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of the effects of policy interventions on spatial inequality and demographic outcomes, providing tools and insights for policymakers seeking to address these issues. The findings highlight the importance of considering the dynamic decisions of entrepreneurs, congestion, public service provision, and occupational choices when assessing the impact of place-based incentives and migration policies on spatial inequality. Furthermore, the study reveals the unexpected demographic consequences of trade liberalization, emphasizing the interplay between economic forces and cultural factors in shaping fertility and sex-selective decisions.

English

ISBN: 9798383565742Subjects--Topical Terms:

532803
Public policy.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Inequality

Effects of Internal Migration, Trade Liberalization, and Place-Based Tax Policies on Inequalities in Vietnam /
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520 $a Spatial inequality and demographic imbalances are pressing concerns in many developing countries, as they can hinder economic growth, social stability, and overall well-being. This dissertation examines the effects of policy interventions on spatial inequality and demographic outcomes in the unique context of Vietnam. The first chapter quantifies the impact of place-based tax incentives and eased migration barriers on spatial inequality, while the second chapter investigates the relationship between trade liberalization and the elevated sex ratio at birth (SRB).In the first chapter, I develop a dynamic general equilibrium model that allows for rich interactions between place-based and migration policies, government services, and people's responses. The model incorporates the potential trade-off between attracting firms through place-based tax incentives and the cost to the government budget, as revenue depends on both the number of firms and tax rates. Furthermore, reducing migration barriers to cities can lead to an influx of workers and firms due to agglomeration forces, which may exacerbate inequality. However, this influx can also congest public services like hospitals and schools which both workers and firms value. Consequently, the effects of place-based policies and easing migration barriers on regional inequality are ambiguous, necessitating a quantitative analysis in the specific context of Vietnam.To quantify these effects, I use detailed micro-level data and novel identification strategies that integrate reduced-form equations with quasi-experimental methods. By exploiting actual policy changes in difference-in-differences frameworks, I identify the firm entry elasticity and changes in migration costs. My analysis yields three key findings: (1) place-based tax incentives effectively reduce spatial inequality by attracting firms without substantially compromising public services; (2) easing migration barriers to developed areas reduces inequality but also lowers welfare in these cities; and (3) combining tax incentives in underdeveloped regions with lower migration barriers to developed areas is more effective at reducing spatial inequality than implementing either policy in isolation.The second chapter connects Vietnam's elevated sex ratio at birth to the 2001 US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA). I develop a quantity-quality model to consider the impact of trade shocks on SRB through three distinct channels: income, relative returns, and fertility. Using household data and a difference-in-difference design, I compare outcomes for parents who experienced different tariff shocks before and after the BTA enactment. The results support the model predictions, with the strongest evidence favoring the fertility channel. Mothers exposed to greater tariff reductions experience an increase in male infants, a decrease in their likelihood of giving birth, and an increase in work hours.Overall, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of the effects of policy interventions on spatial inequality and demographic outcomes, providing tools and insights for policymakers seeking to address these issues. The findings highlight the importance of considering the dynamic decisions of entrepreneurs, congestion, public service provision, and occupational choices when assessing the impact of place-based incentives and migration policies on spatial inequality. Furthermore, the study reveals the unexpected demographic consequences of trade liberalization, emphasizing the interplay between economic forces and cultural factors in shaping fertility and sex-selective decisions.
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