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Anisotropy and Disorder in Fractiona...

Aldape, Erik E.

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Anisotropy and Disorder in Fractionalized Phases.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Anisotropy and Disorder in Fractionalized Phases./
Author:	Aldape, Erik E.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2023,
Description:	130 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-09, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-09B.
Subject:	Condensed matter physics. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30818776
ISBN:	9798381743807

Anisotropy and Disorder in Fractionalized Phases.
Aldape, Erik E.

Anisotropy and Disorder in Fractionalized Phases. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023 - 130 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-09, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2023.

In this dissertation we will describe aspects of the interplay of anisotropy and disorder with fractionalized phases of matter through three studies.The first study concerns a material, α-RuCl3, which has been suggested to be proximate to a fractionalized phase called the Kitaev spin liquid. Despite the presence of traditional magnetic order at low temperatures, ab-initio predictions, and an observed continuum of magnetic excitations at high energies has led to excitement that the material is close to the spin liquid phase. In this study, we describe the magnetic excitations of α-RuCl3 as observed by time-domain terahertz spectroscopy. In the presence of a small (1.5T) magnetic field, a discontinuity in the spectra of magnetic excitations as well as a continuum of magnetic absorption is observed. These observations are suggestive of a field induced transition or proximity to the Kitaev spin liquid. However, with the assumption of random bond anisotropy, we show that a conventional magnetic order is sufficient to explain all observed features. While we find that the experiment can be qualitatively fit to a Hamiltonian with large Kitaev coupling, all aspects of the experiment are shown to be well described by non-fractionalized excitations.In the second study we consider the impact of lattice vacancies in the Kitaev spin liquid, which represents an expected form of disorder in any physical realization of the phase. In Kitaev's exactly solvable honeycomb model, it has been shown that introducing a lattice vacancy binds an emergent Z2 flux. This offers a feasible route to creating and trapping this fractionalized excitation. However, it is unclear if this would hold generally for Kitaev spin liquids or only for Kitaev's integrable model. To address this, we introduce a universal low-energy effective theory for the spin liquid with vacancies and Z2 fluxes. Using this low-energy theory in the gapless phase we find that the binding energy can be attributed to the suppression of a scattering resonance caused by the vacancy. In the non-abelian phase, where Z2 fluxes are Ising anyons, we find that the binding energy has a topological origin. Identifying the doubled spin liquid as a quantum Hall state allows us to argue that spectral flow as flux is threaded through the vacancy induces the binding energy. Our results show that lattice vacancies offer a robust method of creating and trapping Ising anyons in realistic instances of the Kitaev spin liquid. Additionally, this finding indicates that in the presence of vacancy disorder, the Kitaev spin liquid should be expected to have a ground state with Z2 fluxes pinned to the vacancies.In the final chapter we introduce exactly solvable models of the phase transition between a Fermi Liquid and a fractionalized Fermi Liquid (FL*) defined by the emergence of a U(1) gauge field. We compare the cases where the interactions of this model are spatially disordered or translationally invariant. Unlike previous attempts to analytically describe this phase transition, the approach that we introduce allows for the description of strongly coupled fixed points. In particular, we find that it can describe the ubiquitous linear in temperature strange metal resistivity observed near many metallic critical points. For spatially disordered couplings this strange metal phenomenology only appears if the spin liquid deconfines anisotropically into two-dimensional planes of the three-dimensional material. In the limit of strong damping of the critical boson, the model describes a Planckian strange metal in which quasiparticle lifetimes are set only by fundamental constants and the temperature.

ISBN: 9798381743807Subjects--Topical Terms:

3173567
Condensed matter physics.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Anisotropy

Anisotropy and Disorder in Fractionalized Phases.
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020 $a 9798381743807
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100 1 $a Aldape, Erik E. $3 3773898
245 1 0 $a Anisotropy and Disorder in Fractionalized Phases.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2023
300 $a 130 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-09, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Altman, Ehud.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2023.
520 $a In this dissertation we will describe aspects of the interplay of anisotropy and disorder with fractionalized phases of matter through three studies.The first study concerns a material, α-RuCl3, which has been suggested to be proximate to a fractionalized phase called the Kitaev spin liquid. Despite the presence of traditional magnetic order at low temperatures, ab-initio predictions, and an observed continuum of magnetic excitations at high energies has led to excitement that the material is close to the spin liquid phase. In this study, we describe the magnetic excitations of α-RuCl3 as observed by time-domain terahertz spectroscopy. In the presence of a small (1.5T) magnetic field, a discontinuity in the spectra of magnetic excitations as well as a continuum of magnetic absorption is observed. These observations are suggestive of a field induced transition or proximity to the Kitaev spin liquid. However, with the assumption of random bond anisotropy, we show that a conventional magnetic order is sufficient to explain all observed features. While we find that the experiment can be qualitatively fit to a Hamiltonian with large Kitaev coupling, all aspects of the experiment are shown to be well described by non-fractionalized excitations.In the second study we consider the impact of lattice vacancies in the Kitaev spin liquid, which represents an expected form of disorder in any physical realization of the phase. In Kitaev's exactly solvable honeycomb model, it has been shown that introducing a lattice vacancy binds an emergent Z2 flux. This offers a feasible route to creating and trapping this fractionalized excitation. However, it is unclear if this would hold generally for Kitaev spin liquids or only for Kitaev's integrable model. To address this, we introduce a universal low-energy effective theory for the spin liquid with vacancies and Z2 fluxes. Using this low-energy theory in the gapless phase we find that the binding energy can be attributed to the suppression of a scattering resonance caused by the vacancy. In the non-abelian phase, where Z2 fluxes are Ising anyons, we find that the binding energy has a topological origin. Identifying the doubled spin liquid as a quantum Hall state allows us to argue that spectral flow as flux is threaded through the vacancy induces the binding energy. Our results show that lattice vacancies offer a robust method of creating and trapping Ising anyons in realistic instances of the Kitaev spin liquid. Additionally, this finding indicates that in the presence of vacancy disorder, the Kitaev spin liquid should be expected to have a ground state with Z2 fluxes pinned to the vacancies.In the final chapter we introduce exactly solvable models of the phase transition between a Fermi Liquid and a fractionalized Fermi Liquid (FL*) defined by the emergence of a U(1) gauge field. We compare the cases where the interactions of this model are spatially disordered or translationally invariant. Unlike previous attempts to analytically describe this phase transition, the approach that we introduce allows for the description of strongly coupled fixed points. In particular, we find that it can describe the ubiquitous linear in temperature strange metal resistivity observed near many metallic critical points. For spatially disordered couplings this strange metal phenomenology only appears if the spin liquid deconfines anisotropically into two-dimensional planes of the three-dimensional material. In the limit of strong damping of the critical boson, the model describes a Planckian strange metal in which quasiparticle lifetimes are set only by fundamental constants and the temperature.
590 $a School code: 0028.
650 4 $a Condensed matter physics. $3 3173567
650 4 $a Electromagnetics. $3 3173223
650 4 $a Materials science. $3 543314
650 4 $a Low temperature physics. $3 3173917
653 $a Anisotropy
653 $a Fractionalization
653 $a Heavy fermion materials
653 $a Spin liquids
653 $a Strange metals
690 $a 0611
690 $a 0598
690 $a 0794
690 $a 0607
710 2 $a University of California, Berkeley. $b Physics. $3 1671059
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 85-09B.
790 $a 0028
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2023
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30818776