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Onion Breeding for Improved Disease ...

Sharma, Suman.

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Onion Breeding for Improved Disease Resistance: Targeting Fusarium Basal Rot and Iris Yellow Spot.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Onion Breeding for Improved Disease Resistance: Targeting Fusarium Basal Rot and Iris Yellow Spot./
作者:	Sharma, Suman.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2024,
面頁冊數:	189 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-12B.
標題:	Plant sciences. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31242910
ISBN:	9798382818467

Onion Breeding for Improved Disease Resistance: Targeting Fusarium Basal Rot and Iris Yellow Spot.
Sharma, Suman.

Onion Breeding for Improved Disease Resistance: Targeting Fusarium Basal Rot and Iris Yellow Spot. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024 - 189 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--New Mexico State University, 2024.

Fusarium basal rot (FBR) and Iris yellow spot (IYS) are two damaging diseases, that hinder onion production at a global level. Host plant resistance is the most sustainable and cost-efficient method to manage these diseases. Understanding disease resistance mechanisms and developing cultivars with improved resistance requires conducting different experiments that can accelerate breeding efforts. FBR caused by different species of Fusarium, can impact multiple Allium species, with onion (Allium cepa) primarily affected by a soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC). A study aimed to evaluate the FBR susceptibility of the initial and the most advanced selected populations of short-day onion cultivars and two check cultivars (partially-resistant and susceptible cultivars) for two years using an artificial inoculation mature bulb screening. A virulent{A0}FOC isolate was applied to the transversely-cut basal plates of onion bulbs at a final concentration of 3.0 x 104 spores per ml of the medium. The basal plates were rated after 20 days of incubation for FBR severity using a severity rating scale of 1 (no symptoms) to 9 ({candra}{82}{dstrok} 70% of the basal plate is infected). The selected populations of different cultivars demonstrated a variable response in average FBR severity with a significant reduction in the most advanced selected populations than in the initial population. Additionally, a study was conducted to determine specific antifungal saponins associated with FBR resistance and to understand variations in levels of different saponins in the onion basal plate tissue. The basal plate tissue samples were collected at different time points from populations of three open-pollinated short-day onion cultivars and two check cultivars after artificial inoculation. Cultivar populations exhibited varying saponin concentrations over time post-infection, with higher levels of several saponins during the infection phase compared to the susceptible check. A putatively-identified saponin showed a distinct pattern in cultivar populations, potentially serving as a biomarker for FBR resistance. Another study of three cultivar populations sought to validate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers which were previously identified as linked to FBR resistance. Out of the eight SNP markers, four presented promising results, with one capable of distinguishing alleles between two check cultivars. Two SNP markers suggested the presence of FBR-resistance genes on chromosomes 4 and 8. IYS is a viral disease that is transmitted by onion thrips. For the IYS study, four breeding lines and two commercially available thrips-attractive checks were evaluated for IYS susceptibility for two years. Thrips numbers, leaf counts, IYS severity, and bulb yield parameters were assessed several times after transplanting. The NMSU lines exhibited lower thrips populations, delaying IYS symptom expression compared to the check cultivars. Additionally, NMSU lines produced larger onion bulbs, suggesting a reduced IYS impact on yield. This research will help in developing FBR-resistant and IYS-tolerant cultivars in the future which offer an eco-friendly and cost-effective disease management strategy.

ISBN: 9798382818467Subjects--Topical Terms:

3173832
Plant sciences.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Allium

Onion Breeding for Improved Disease Resistance: Targeting Fusarium Basal Rot and Iris Yellow Spot.
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520 $a Fusarium basal rot (FBR) and Iris yellow spot (IYS) are two damaging diseases, that hinder onion production at a global level. Host plant resistance is the most sustainable and cost-efficient method to manage these diseases. Understanding disease resistance mechanisms and developing cultivars with improved resistance requires conducting different experiments that can accelerate breeding efforts. FBR caused by different species of Fusarium, can impact multiple Allium species, with onion (Allium cepa) primarily affected by a soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC). A study aimed to evaluate the FBR susceptibility of the initial and the most advanced selected populations of short-day onion cultivars and two check cultivars (partially-resistant and susceptible cultivars) for two years using an artificial inoculation mature bulb screening. A virulent{A0}FOC isolate was applied to the transversely-cut basal plates of onion bulbs at a final concentration of 3.0 x 104 spores per ml of the medium. The basal plates were rated after 20 days of incubation for FBR severity using a severity rating scale of 1 (no symptoms) to 9 ({candra}{82}{dstrok} 70% of the basal plate is infected). The selected populations of different cultivars demonstrated a variable response in average FBR severity with a significant reduction in the most advanced selected populations than in the initial population. Additionally, a study was conducted to determine specific antifungal saponins associated with FBR resistance and to understand variations in levels of different saponins in the onion basal plate tissue. The basal plate tissue samples were collected at different time points from populations of three open-pollinated short-day onion cultivars and two check cultivars after artificial inoculation. Cultivar populations exhibited varying saponin concentrations over time post-infection, with higher levels of several saponins during the infection phase compared to the susceptible check. A putatively-identified saponin showed a distinct pattern in cultivar populations, potentially serving as a biomarker for FBR resistance. Another study of three cultivar populations sought to validate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers which were previously identified as linked to FBR resistance. Out of the eight SNP markers, four presented promising results, with one capable of distinguishing alleles between two check cultivars. Two SNP markers suggested the presence of FBR-resistance genes on chromosomes 4 and 8. IYS is a viral disease that is transmitted by onion thrips. For the IYS study, four breeding lines and two commercially available thrips-attractive checks were evaluated for IYS susceptibility for two years. Thrips numbers, leaf counts, IYS severity, and bulb yield parameters were assessed several times after transplanting. The NMSU lines exhibited lower thrips populations, delaying IYS symptom expression compared to the check cultivars. Additionally, NMSU lines produced larger onion bulbs, suggesting a reduced IYS impact on yield. This research will help in developing FBR-resistant and IYS-tolerant cultivars in the future which offer an eco-friendly and cost-effective disease management strategy.
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653 $a Allium
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653 $a Fusarium species
653 $a Iris yellow spot virus
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