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Predicting Ecological Risks of Pharm...

Desgens-Martin, Violaine.

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Predicting Ecological Risks of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Central and Southern California Aquatic Environments Using Modeling.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Predicting Ecological Risks of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Central and Southern California Aquatic Environments Using Modeling./
Author:	Desgens-Martin, Violaine.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2023,
Description:	127 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-03B.
Subject:	Environmental science. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30490767
ISBN:	9798380160865

Predicting Ecological Risks of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Central and Southern California Aquatic Environments Using Modeling.
Desgens-Martin, Violaine.

Predicting Ecological Risks of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Central and Southern California Aquatic Environments Using Modeling. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023 - 127 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 2023.

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are anthropogenic compounds that are ubiquitously found in the environment due to their continued release from various sources such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Given their chronic input into the environment, continued monitoring of their environmental loads and ecotoxicity risks is warranted, especially for novel compounds for which there is little to no environmental data available. However, field sampling efforts can be time consuming and costly, leading to gaps in providing a complete and continuous picture on the presence of these PPCPs in the environment, and their ecotoxicity risks. In this dissertation, the ChemFate modeling tool was used to accurately predict the environmental load of selected PPCPs, such as ones used for the treatment of COVID-19. In combination with detected concentrations resulting from a monthly field sampling effort, we also contributed data on the factors driving per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and PPCP loads to WWTPs. Results from the freshwater samples were also used to assess the ecorisks of PPCPs and PFAS by comparing these with toxicity thresholds reported in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s ECOTOXicology Knowledgebase (ECOTOX), or using predicted values determined using structure activity relationship tools such as EPA's Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR). ChemFate was accurate in predicting PPCP influent loads when compared to results obtained using pharmaceutical prescription information. The predicted PFAS influent loads correlated well with factors such as population size and urban landscape, while population size correlated well with most of the selected PPCPs. Factors such as predicted versus actual removal efficiency in the WWTPs are a likely explanation into the discrepancies observed, which warrants obtaining real-world data on the removal efficiency of certain compounds. We found that most of the evaluated chemicals did not present an ecological risk, but four PPCPs (carbamazepine, fluoxetine, gemfibrozil, and sulfamethoxazole) and three PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS)) were consistently detected at concentrations above reported sensitive thresholds. Continued monitoring and a more thorough investigation into the possible long-term effects is warranted to protect environmental and public health. The use of modeling tools such as ChemFate, and ecotoxicity databases such as EPA's ECOSAR and ECOTOX, in combination with field sampling efforts can contribute to address this issue, as demonstrated in this dissertation.

ISBN: 9798380160865Subjects--Topical Terms:

677245
Environmental science.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Transport

Predicting Ecological Risks of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Central and Southern California Aquatic Environments Using Modeling.
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520 $a Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are anthropogenic compounds that are ubiquitously found in the environment due to their continued release from various sources such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Given their chronic input into the environment, continued monitoring of their environmental loads and ecotoxicity risks is warranted, especially for novel compounds for which there is little to no environmental data available. However, field sampling efforts can be time consuming and costly, leading to gaps in providing a complete and continuous picture on the presence of these PPCPs in the environment, and their ecotoxicity risks. In this dissertation, the ChemFate modeling tool was used to accurately predict the environmental load of selected PPCPs, such as ones used for the treatment of COVID-19. In combination with detected concentrations resulting from a monthly field sampling effort, we also contributed data on the factors driving per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and PPCP loads to WWTPs. Results from the freshwater samples were also used to assess the ecorisks of PPCPs and PFAS by comparing these with toxicity thresholds reported in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s ECOTOXicology Knowledgebase (ECOTOX), or using predicted values determined using structure activity relationship tools such as EPA's Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR). ChemFate was accurate in predicting PPCP influent loads when compared to results obtained using pharmaceutical prescription information. The predicted PFAS influent loads correlated well with factors such as population size and urban landscape, while population size correlated well with most of the selected PPCPs. Factors such as predicted versus actual removal efficiency in the WWTPs are a likely explanation into the discrepancies observed, which warrants obtaining real-world data on the removal efficiency of certain compounds. We found that most of the evaluated chemicals did not present an ecological risk, but four PPCPs (carbamazepine, fluoxetine, gemfibrozil, and sulfamethoxazole) and three PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS)) were consistently detected at concentrations above reported sensitive thresholds. Continued monitoring and a more thorough investigation into the possible long-term effects is warranted to protect environmental and public health. The use of modeling tools such as ChemFate, and ecotoxicity databases such as EPA's ECOSAR and ECOTOX, in combination with field sampling efforts can contribute to address this issue, as demonstrated in this dissertation.
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653 $a Transport
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653 $a Risk assessment
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