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Individual Source Measurements of Methane Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources - Canada and the United States.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Individual Source Measurements of Methane Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources - Canada and the United States./
作者:	Williams, James Philip.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2023,
面頁冊數:	225 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-11A.
標題:	Unmanned aerial vehicles. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31079259
ISBN:	9798382617046

Individual Source Measurements of Methane Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources - Canada and the United States.
Williams, James Philip.

Individual Source Measurements of Methane Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources - Canada and the United States. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023 - 225 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2023.

Anthropogenic methane emissions have been identified as a strategic greenhouse gas emission reduction target. The scientific consensus is that the majority of cumulative methane emissions are emitted by a small percentage of high-emitting sites (i.e., super-emitters). However, cumulative methane emissions from lower-emitting sources can be significant if the site counts (i.e. activity data) are high. Accurately quantifying methane emissions from all sources, including low-emitting sources, is a critical component of tracking progress towards reducing emissions. In this thesis, data analysis and field measurements are used to study methane emissions from abandoned oil and gas wells, historic landfills, manholes, and natural gas distribution systems, all sources that have relatively low site level emission rates and require direct on-site measurement methods with to accurately capture the full range of emissions distributionsThe static chamber methodology, a direct measurement method, was the primary method used in the field measurements of methane emissions presented in this thesis. We conducted controlled release experiments and explored the role of chamber design parameters. We found that static chambers can quantify methane flowrates ranging from 1 to 500 g/h, which represents the lower range of emission rates when compared to other methane sources such as active oil and gas wells, with an accuracy of ±14%.Within the oil and gas sector, abandoned oil and gas (AOG) wells have the largest activity data, with >4 million wells in the U.S. and >370,000 in Canada. We analyzed methane emissions from 598 published measurements, including previously unpublished measurements of methane emissions we made from 54 AOG wells in Oklahoma and 17 in British Columbia using a static chamber methodology. We developed attribute- and region-specific emission factors of wells which ranged from 1.8x10-3 to 48 g/h of methane for AOG wells in the U.S. and Canada. We estimated that, as of 2020, the annual methane emissions from AOG wells are 20% higher than inventory estimates for the U.S. and 150% higher for Canada.Municipal greenhouse gas inventories have been shown to underestimate their annual methaneemissions when compared to independent research studies. The discrepancy can be, in part, attributed to the missing contributions from smaller diffuse methane sources. To address this question, we quantified methane emissions from wastewater utility holes (WUHs) and historic landfillsin Montreal (Canada), two sources with high population counts and few, if any, direct measurementdata. In addition, we quantified emissions from natural gas (NG) distribution systems within thecity, which is recognized as a significant methane source for cities. We extrapolated the methaneemissions to city-wide estimates and performed a cost-benefit analysis of mitigation strategies. Weestimated that historic landfills and WUHs, which are methane sources not considered in currentgreenhouse gas inventories, emitted 901 (452 - 1,541) and 786 (32 - 2,602) t/yr of methane respectively, making them the second and third highest methane sources in Montreal.

ISBN: 9798382617046Subjects--Topical Terms:

3560267
Unmanned aerial vehicles.

Individual Source Measurements of Methane Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources - Canada and the United States.
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520 $a Anthropogenic methane emissions have been identified as a strategic greenhouse gas emission reduction target. The scientific consensus is that the majority of cumulative methane emissions are emitted by a small percentage of high-emitting sites (i.e., super-emitters). However, cumulative methane emissions from lower-emitting sources can be significant if the site counts (i.e. activity data) are high. Accurately quantifying methane emissions from all sources, including low-emitting sources, is a critical component of tracking progress towards reducing emissions. In this thesis, data analysis and field measurements are used to study methane emissions from abandoned oil and gas wells, historic landfills, manholes, and natural gas distribution systems, all sources that have relatively low site level emission rates and require direct on-site measurement methods with to accurately capture the full range of emissions distributionsThe static chamber methodology, a direct measurement method, was the primary method used in the field measurements of methane emissions presented in this thesis. We conducted controlled release experiments and explored the role of chamber design parameters. We found that static chambers can quantify methane flowrates ranging from 1 to 500 g/h, which represents the lower range of emission rates when compared to other methane sources such as active oil and gas wells, with an accuracy of ±14%.Within the oil and gas sector, abandoned oil and gas (AOG) wells have the largest activity data, with >4 million wells in the U.S. and >370,000 in Canada. We analyzed methane emissions from 598 published measurements, including previously unpublished measurements of methane emissions we made from 54 AOG wells in Oklahoma and 17 in British Columbia using a static chamber methodology. We developed attribute- and region-specific emission factors of wells which ranged from 1.8x10-3 to 48 g/h of methane for AOG wells in the U.S. and Canada. We estimated that, as of 2020, the annual methane emissions from AOG wells are 20% higher than inventory estimates for the U.S. and 150% higher for Canada.Municipal greenhouse gas inventories have been shown to underestimate their annual methaneemissions when compared to independent research studies. The discrepancy can be, in part, attributed to the missing contributions from smaller diffuse methane sources. To address this question, we quantified methane emissions from wastewater utility holes (WUHs) and historic landfillsin Montreal (Canada), two sources with high population counts and few, if any, direct measurementdata. In addition, we quantified emissions from natural gas (NG) distribution systems within thecity, which is recognized as a significant methane source for cities. We extrapolated the methaneemissions to city-wide estimates and performed a cost-benefit analysis of mitigation strategies. Weestimated that historic landfills and WUHs, which are methane sources not considered in currentgreenhouse gas inventories, emitted 901 (452 - 1,541) and 786 (32 - 2,602) t/yr of methane respectively, making them the second and third highest methane sources in Montreal.
520 $a Les emissions anthropiques de methane ont ete identifiees comme un objectif strategique de reduction des emissions de gaz a effet de serre. Dans le domaine de la recherche sur les emissions de methane, le consensus scientifique est que pour une categorie donnee de sources de methane, la majorite des emissions cumulees de methane est emise par un petit pourcentage de sites fortement emetteurs (c'est-a-dire les super-emetteurs). Cependant, des sources de methane distinctes auront des seuils de taux d'emission differents pour definir un site super-emetteur, et pourraient emettre du methane a des taux inferieurs a ce qui est facilement capture par certaines methodes de mesure du methane. Les emissions cumulees de methane provenant de sources faiblement emettrices peuvent etre importantes si le nombre de sites (c'est-a-dire les donnees d'activite) est eleve. La quantification precise des emissions de methane provenant de toutes les sources, y compris les sources a faible emission, est un element essentiel du suivi des progres realises pour atteindre les objectifs d'attenuation des emissions de methane et pour reduire les emissions. Dans cette these, l'analyse des donnees et les mesures sur le terrain sont utilisees pour etudier les emissions de methane provenant de puits de petrole et de gaz abandonnes, de decharges historiques, de trous d'homme et de systemes de distribution de gaz naturel, toutes sources dont les taux d'emission au niveau du site sont relativement faibles et qui necessitent des methodes de mesure directe sur le site afin de capturer avec precision toute la gamme des distributions d'emissions et de developper des strategies d'attenuation exploitables.La methodologie de la chambre statique, une methode de mesure directe, a ete la principale methode utilisee pour les mesures sur le terrain des emissions de methane presentees dans cette these. Nous avons mene des experiences de liberation controlee et explore le role des parametres deconception de la chambre. Nous avons constate que les chambres statiques peuvent quantifier des debits de methane allant de 1 a 500 g/h, ce qui represente la gamme inferieure des taux d'emission par rapport a d'autres sources de methane telles que les puits de petrole et de gaz en activite, avec une precision de ±14Dans le secteur du petrole et du gaz, les puits de petrole et de gaz abandonnes (PGA) representent la plus grande partie des donnees d'activite, avec 4 millions de puits aux Etats-Unis et 370 000 au Canada. Les emissions de methane provenant des puits PGA ont ete incluses pour la premiere fois dans les rapports d'inventaire nationaux du Canada et des Etats-Unis en 2019, mais les estimations etaient basees sur un petit ensemble de 226 mesures directes reparties dans cinq Etats americains et sur aucune donnee de mesure provenant du Canada. Nous avons donc analyse les emissions de methane a partir de 598 mesures publiees, y compris des mesures inedites d'emissions de methane que nous avons effectuees sur 54 puits PGA en Oklahoma et 17 en Colombie-Britannique a l'aide d'une methode de chambre statique. Nous avons elabore des facteurs d'emission specifiques aux attributs et aux regions des puits, allant de 1,8x10 -3a 48 g/heure de methane pour les puits PGA aux Etats-Unis et au Canada. Nous avons estime qu'a partir de 2020, les emissions annuelles de methane provenant des puits PGA sont superieures de 20% aux estimations de l'inventaire pour les Etats-Unis et de 150% pour le Canada.
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