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Ecology of Bornean orang-utans (Pong...

Campbell, Judith Lee.

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Ecology of Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) in drought- and fire-affected lowland rainforest.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Ecology of Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) in drought- and fire-affected lowland rainforest./
Author:	Campbell, Judith Lee.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 1992,
Description:	234 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 54-10, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International54-10A.
Subject:	Physical anthropology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9311600
ISBN:	9798635261415

Ecology of Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) in drought- and fire-affected lowland rainforest.
Campbell, Judith Lee.

Ecology of Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) in drought- and fire-affected lowland rainforest. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 1992 - 234 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 54-10, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 1992.

Since natural, catastrophic events are rare in tropical forests, little is known about their effects on wildlife populations. The present study was prompted by a unique disturbance in the tropical forests of East Borneo. The 1982-1983 El Nino Southern Oscillation Event engendered an unusually severe, prolonged drought in East Borneo (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). The drought provided conditions that allowed agriculturalists' fires to escape into and be fueled by the dry forests. Over 3.7 million hectares burned in this province alone. The Mentoko Research Station, site of this investigation and of previous primatological and ecological research, is within a primary forest that burned. The objective of this study, from 1986 to 1987, was to investigate the effects of the disturbance and regeneration at Mentoko on the ecology of orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus). Little is known about the effects of habitat disturbance on orang-utans. I focused on aspects of ecology that can be compared with pre-damage data collected by Mentoko researchers: density, age-sex composition, ranging patterns, sociality, activity budgets, diets, resource base and forest structure. Continuous records of transitions between broad activity categories for orang-utan individuals and phenological censuses of vegetation plots were the principal methods. The broad conclusion reached is that, at the time of this study, the local orang-utan population was well-maintained by Mentoko's habitat. Among the specific conclusions are the following significant changes: (1) Orang-utans spent more of their daily activity budget in resting and less in feeding than previously; (2) They spent more time foraging through the lowest strata and more time in sustained feeding bouts in the highest strata at the expense of the mid-canopy; (3) Dietary breadth increased; (4) The proportion of feeding time spent in fruit eating increased and a high level of frugivory was more consistent through the year; (5) Despite 34% mortality of canopy trees since 1982-1983, the availability of fruiting trees during the present study was either unchanged or exceeded previous availability; (6) Figs suffered severe mortality, yet remained a major orang-utan food source; (7) The fruits of an abundant, continuously fruiting, colonizing species, Guensia pentandra, were a major, and perhaps critical, post-disturbance orang-utan food source.

ISBN: 9798635261415Subjects--Topical Terms:

518358
Physical anthropology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Borneo

Ecology of Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) in drought- and fire-affected lowland rainforest.
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245 1 0 $a Ecology of Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) in drought- and fire-affected lowland rainforest.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 1992
300 $a 234 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 54-10, Section: A.
500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
500 $a Advisor: Kurland, Jeffrey.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 1992.
520 $a Since natural, catastrophic events are rare in tropical forests, little is known about their effects on wildlife populations. The present study was prompted by a unique disturbance in the tropical forests of East Borneo. The 1982-1983 El Nino Southern Oscillation Event engendered an unusually severe, prolonged drought in East Borneo (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). The drought provided conditions that allowed agriculturalists' fires to escape into and be fueled by the dry forests. Over 3.7 million hectares burned in this province alone. The Mentoko Research Station, site of this investigation and of previous primatological and ecological research, is within a primary forest that burned. The objective of this study, from 1986 to 1987, was to investigate the effects of the disturbance and regeneration at Mentoko on the ecology of orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus). Little is known about the effects of habitat disturbance on orang-utans. I focused on aspects of ecology that can be compared with pre-damage data collected by Mentoko researchers: density, age-sex composition, ranging patterns, sociality, activity budgets, diets, resource base and forest structure. Continuous records of transitions between broad activity categories for orang-utan individuals and phenological censuses of vegetation plots were the principal methods. The broad conclusion reached is that, at the time of this study, the local orang-utan population was well-maintained by Mentoko's habitat. Among the specific conclusions are the following significant changes: (1) Orang-utans spent more of their daily activity budget in resting and less in feeding than previously; (2) They spent more time foraging through the lowest strata and more time in sustained feeding bouts in the highest strata at the expense of the mid-canopy; (3) Dietary breadth increased; (4) The proportion of feeding time spent in fruit eating increased and a high level of frugivory was more consistent through the year; (5) Despite 34% mortality of canopy trees since 1982-1983, the availability of fruiting trees during the present study was either unchanged or exceeded previous availability; (6) Figs suffered severe mortality, yet remained a major orang-utan food source; (7) The fruits of an abundant, continuously fruiting, colonizing species, Guensia pentandra, were a major, and perhaps critical, post-disturbance orang-utan food source.
590 $a School code: 0176.
650 4 $a Physical anthropology. $3 518358
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
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653 $a drought-affected
653 $a rainforest
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690 $a 0329
710 2 $a The Pennsylvania State University. $3 699896
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 54-10A.
790 $a 0176
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 1992
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9311600