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Closing the Gap in Socioeconomic Dis...

Brosso, Samantha N.

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Closing the Gap in Socioeconomic Disparities in Chronic Disease: Using Social Psychology to Improve Health Messaging.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Closing the Gap in Socioeconomic Disparities in Chronic Disease: Using Social Psychology to Improve Health Messaging./
Author:	Brosso, Samantha N.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2024,
Description:	244 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-11B.
Subject:	Social psychology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31147877
ISBN:	9798382629728

Closing the Gap in Socioeconomic Disparities in Chronic Disease: Using Social Psychology to Improve Health Messaging.
Brosso, Samantha N.

Closing the Gap in Socioeconomic Disparities in Chronic Disease: Using Social Psychology to Improve Health Messaging. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024 - 244 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2024.

Socioeconomic status (SES)-related disparities in morbidity and mortality rates persist for numerous chronic diseases, in part due to disparities in preventative behaviors (e.g., sunscreen use, diet, physical activity, screenings). Ineffective health messaging likely contributes to health disparities, as most current health messaging campaigns are self-focused, highlighting personal goals and individual benefits of a healthy lifestyle. While such messages may resonate with higher SES individuals, lower SES individuals tend to be more social-focused, in which they see themselves as more interdependent with close others (vs. autonomous), they value and prioritize close relationships and relational goals (vs. personal goals), and they have a heightened sensitivity to what close others are thinking and feeling. Thus, we wondered: Could framing health messages to emphasize how a healthy lifestyle benefits close others be more effective for lower SES individuals? To test this, in Study 1, we first developed a set of social vs. self-focused health messages, which we created from a pool of texts and images we designed and tested through rapid-response online surveys. In Study 2, we tested the effectiveness of these tailored health messages, specifically examining whether framing health messages as more social-focused vs. self-focused differentially influenced perceived message effectiveness (PME) across the SES gradient. We found that participants with less than a 4-year college degree rated both the social-focused and self-focused messages as significantly more effective than the control messages (i.e., information-based only), whereas people with at least a 4-year college degree found the messages to be equally effective. Further, we found that participants with greater subjective SES tended to rate the self-focused and control messages as more effective. However, the social-focused messages were rated as equally effective across various levels of subjective SES. In other words, framing messages as more social-focused appeared to close the gap in SES disparities in perceived message effectiveness.In Study 3, we further examined whether the PME of social-focused vs. self-focused health messages was associated with shifts in attitudes about health behaviors, shifts in intentions to engage in healthier behaviors, and engagement in preventative behaviors, as a function of SES. Overall, we found that for participants with lower composite SES (i.e., education + income), the extent to which they found the social-focused and self-focused messages as effective was associated with positive changes in cognition-related attitudes and intentions, with the strongest association between the PME of social-focused messages and changes in intentions. Additionally, we found that among participants with less than a 4-year college degree, only the PME of the social-focused messages was associated with changes in cognition-related attitudes and intentions. Conversely, there were no significant associations between PME and changes in attitudes/intentions for participants with higher composite SES or at least a 4-year college degree. Taken together, this collection of work suggests that framing health messages as more social-focused may be a promising strategy for improving engagement in preventative health behaviors for lower SES individuals. We hope that the findings from this work can be used to design more effective and targeted messaging campaigns that can be rolled-out at a population-level to help close the current gaps in SES-related health disparities.

ISBN: 9798382629728Subjects--Topical Terms:

520219
Social psychology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Disease prevention

Closing the Gap in Socioeconomic Disparities in Chronic Disease: Using Social Psychology to Improve Health Messaging.
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520 $a Socioeconomic status (SES)-related disparities in morbidity and mortality rates persist for numerous chronic diseases, in part due to disparities in preventative behaviors (e.g., sunscreen use, diet, physical activity, screenings). Ineffective health messaging likely contributes to health disparities, as most current health messaging campaigns are self-focused, highlighting personal goals and individual benefits of a healthy lifestyle. While such messages may resonate with higher SES individuals, lower SES individuals tend to be more social-focused, in which they see themselves as more interdependent with close others (vs. autonomous), they value and prioritize close relationships and relational goals (vs. personal goals), and they have a heightened sensitivity to what close others are thinking and feeling. Thus, we wondered: Could framing health messages to emphasize how a healthy lifestyle benefits close others be more effective for lower SES individuals? To test this, in Study 1, we first developed a set of social vs. self-focused health messages, which we created from a pool of texts and images we designed and tested through rapid-response online surveys. In Study 2, we tested the effectiveness of these tailored health messages, specifically examining whether framing health messages as more social-focused vs. self-focused differentially influenced perceived message effectiveness (PME) across the SES gradient. We found that participants with less than a 4-year college degree rated both the social-focused and self-focused messages as significantly more effective than the control messages (i.e., information-based only), whereas people with at least a 4-year college degree found the messages to be equally effective. Further, we found that participants with greater subjective SES tended to rate the self-focused and control messages as more effective. However, the social-focused messages were rated as equally effective across various levels of subjective SES. In other words, framing messages as more social-focused appeared to close the gap in SES disparities in perceived message effectiveness.In Study 3, we further examined whether the PME of social-focused vs. self-focused health messages was associated with shifts in attitudes about health behaviors, shifts in intentions to engage in healthier behaviors, and engagement in preventative behaviors, as a function of SES. Overall, we found that for participants with lower composite SES (i.e., education + income), the extent to which they found the social-focused and self-focused messages as effective was associated with positive changes in cognition-related attitudes and intentions, with the strongest association between the PME of social-focused messages and changes in intentions. Additionally, we found that among participants with less than a 4-year college degree, only the PME of the social-focused messages was associated with changes in cognition-related attitudes and intentions. Conversely, there were no significant associations between PME and changes in attitudes/intentions for participants with higher composite SES or at least a 4-year college degree. Taken together, this collection of work suggests that framing health messages as more social-focused may be a promising strategy for improving engagement in preventative health behaviors for lower SES individuals. We hope that the findings from this work can be used to design more effective and targeted messaging campaigns that can be rolled-out at a population-level to help close the current gaps in SES-related health disparities.
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