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Essays on Development Economics.

Liu, Zhe.

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Essays on Development Economics.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Essays on Development Economics./
作者:	Liu, Zhe.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2023,
面頁冊數:	119 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-01, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-01A.
標題:	Web studies. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30527311
ISBN:	9798379907853

Essays on Development Economics.
Liu, Zhe.

Essays on Development Economics. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023 - 119 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-01, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2023.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This dissertation consists of three chapters that study labor market frictions, gender norms, and school management practices in developing countries. In the first chapter, I study how expansion of fast Internet availability affects job outcomes and the extent to which online job information can substitute for social networks. I use a two-way fixed effects identification strategy with continuous treatment at district level, and find that Internet availability has a positive impact on average employment and total income. Jobseekers are more inclined to search for job information online with increased access, while their reliance on social networks remains unchanged. The study also finds that young workers tend to search more through both online and network channels, suggesting that personal connections could complement internet job searching for some individuals. Workers without a primary education are discouraged from searching online and have worse employment outcomes. Constraints on effective uses of Internet job search and Internet activities, such as social networking, could help explain the results. To study the general equilibrium effect of fast Internet on the labor market, I use search and matching theory and simulate the Internet access shock. The results show that fast internet can reduce job search costs for workers and increase matching efficiency for firms, leading to higher wages. The impact on employment depends on the relative importance of these two forces.In the second chapter, my coauthors Rachel Heath, Alex Phillip, and I examine the relationships between social norms and labor market competitions in India. Studies have shown that social norms have the potential to shape labor market equilibria. We test to what extent labor market conditions can alter social norms. In particular, we test whether men's support for women's work depends on the competition they face from women in their industries. We use labor market data from India to construct a measure of labor market competition that considers the industry percent female of average male worker in a given state and match this to attitudes on women's work from five waves of World Value Survey data spanning from 1990 to 2012. We find that men are more supportive of women's work when the overall female labor force participation is high, however, they are less supportive if more women work in their own industry. The third chapter is a joint work with Natalia Cantet, Clara Delavallade, Alan Griffith, and Rebecca Thornton, and studies the effects of increasing community participation on school management outcomes. Poor school governance is a major contributing factor to low school results in developing countries. Policies to improve community-based governance are quite common but understudied. We present the results of a cluster-randomized trial of an intervention aimed at improving the functioning of School Management Committees - required in every public school - in rural India. We find large gains in governance activities after both one and two years of the intervention. We show modest improvements in school infrastructure as well as large effects on the number of teachers, and we present suggestive evidence that these improvements can be attributed to the increased committee activities.

ISBN: 9798379907853Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122754
Web studies.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Labor market frictions

Essays on Development Economics.
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520 $a This dissertation consists of three chapters that study labor market frictions, gender norms, and school management practices in developing countries. In the first chapter, I study how expansion of fast Internet availability affects job outcomes and the extent to which online job information can substitute for social networks. I use a two-way fixed effects identification strategy with continuous treatment at district level, and find that Internet availability has a positive impact on average employment and total income. Jobseekers are more inclined to search for job information online with increased access, while their reliance on social networks remains unchanged. The study also finds that young workers tend to search more through both online and network channels, suggesting that personal connections could complement internet job searching for some individuals. Workers without a primary education are discouraged from searching online and have worse employment outcomes. Constraints on effective uses of Internet job search and Internet activities, such as social networking, could help explain the results. To study the general equilibrium effect of fast Internet on the labor market, I use search and matching theory and simulate the Internet access shock. The results show that fast internet can reduce job search costs for workers and increase matching efficiency for firms, leading to higher wages. The impact on employment depends on the relative importance of these two forces.In the second chapter, my coauthors Rachel Heath, Alex Phillip, and I examine the relationships between social norms and labor market competitions in India. Studies have shown that social norms have the potential to shape labor market equilibria. We test to what extent labor market conditions can alter social norms. In particular, we test whether men's support for women's work depends on the competition they face from women in their industries. We use labor market data from India to construct a measure of labor market competition that considers the industry percent female of average male worker in a given state and match this to attitudes on women's work from five waves of World Value Survey data spanning from 1990 to 2012. We find that men are more supportive of women's work when the overall female labor force participation is high, however, they are less supportive if more women work in their own industry. The third chapter is a joint work with Natalia Cantet, Clara Delavallade, Alan Griffith, and Rebecca Thornton, and studies the effects of increasing community participation on school management outcomes. Poor school governance is a major contributing factor to low school results in developing countries. Policies to improve community-based governance are quite common but understudied. We present the results of a cluster-randomized trial of an intervention aimed at improving the functioning of School Management Committees - required in every public school - in rural India. We find large gains in governance activities after both one and two years of the intervention. We show modest improvements in school infrastructure as well as large effects on the number of teachers, and we present suggestive evidence that these improvements can be attributed to the increased committee activities.
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