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The combined effects of chemical and...

Martello, Linda Beth.

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The combined effects of chemical and natural stressors on phosphagens and nonspecific immunity in two species of abalone.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The combined effects of chemical and natural stressors on phosphagens and nonspecific immunity in two species of abalone./
Author:	Martello, Linda Beth.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 1999,
Description:	143 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 61-10, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International61-10B.
Subject:	Aquaculture. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9951414
ISBN:	9780599514928

The combined effects of chemical and natural stressors on phosphagens and nonspecific immunity in two species of abalone.
Martello, Linda Beth.

The combined effects of chemical and natural stressors on phosphagens and nonspecific immunity in two species of abalone. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 1999 - 143 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 61-10, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1999.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

While considerable information exists regarding the toxicity of xenobiotics for invertebrates in terms of lethality, comparatively little is known of the more subtle effects of chronic exposure to sublethal doses of toxicants. While concentrations of pollutants may be sufficiently high to cause acute injury or death, it is more likely that toxicants are present in low concentrations and have sublethal effects on aquatic organisms possibly predisposing them to debilitating disease. By examining phosphagen concentrations after exposure to sublethal levels of pentachlorophenol (PCP), it is possible to elucidate the subtle alterations in energy regulation vital for the survival of any organism. PCP is an EPA priority pollutant that is a potent biocide. PCP induced reduction in energy production might effect an organism's ability to forage, reproduce, and defend against predators as well as endure adverse environmental conditions. This thesis initially addresses how exposure to PCP combined with salinity stress effects concentrations of phosphagens among red ( Haliotis rufescens) and black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii ) using in vivo 31P NMR Spectroscopy. Black abalone have greater overall resistance to PCP exposure and salinity variations as confirmed by 14C PCP uptake analysis demonstrating their slower uptake of the biocide. This study continues by examining how sublethal exposure to this biocide might effect an organisms ability to defend itself from microorganisms. Phagocytic and chemotactic function after in vivo exposure of abalone to PCP and salinity stress was examined. Black abalone demonstrate greater phagocytic ability overall as it took black abalone nearly twice as long to manifest toxic effects of PCP on phagocytic and chemotactic ability. High salinity, particularly in combination with PCP, had a dramatic effect on both species of abalone. Mechanisms employed to kill microorganisms among abalone were examined including the quantification of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). While exposure of red abalone to salinity variations plus PCP caused a stimulatory effect on ROI production the same exposure parameters caused an inhibitory effect on ROI production among black abalone. As aquatic organisms are rarely exposed to one stress at a time the research performed here has contributed to the understanding of the impacts of multiple environmental stresses.

ISBN: 9780599514928Subjects--Topical Terms:

545878
Aquaculture.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Abalone

The combined effects of chemical and natural stressors on phosphagens and nonspecific immunity in two species of abalone.
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245 1 0 $a The combined effects of chemical and natural stressors on phosphagens and nonspecific immunity in two species of abalone.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 1999
300 $a 143 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 61-10, Section: B.
500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
500 $a Advisor: Tijeerdena, Ronald S.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1999.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
520 $a While considerable information exists regarding the toxicity of xenobiotics for invertebrates in terms of lethality, comparatively little is known of the more subtle effects of chronic exposure to sublethal doses of toxicants. While concentrations of pollutants may be sufficiently high to cause acute injury or death, it is more likely that toxicants are present in low concentrations and have sublethal effects on aquatic organisms possibly predisposing them to debilitating disease. By examining phosphagen concentrations after exposure to sublethal levels of pentachlorophenol (PCP), it is possible to elucidate the subtle alterations in energy regulation vital for the survival of any organism. PCP is an EPA priority pollutant that is a potent biocide. PCP induced reduction in energy production might effect an organism's ability to forage, reproduce, and defend against predators as well as endure adverse environmental conditions. This thesis initially addresses how exposure to PCP combined with salinity stress effects concentrations of phosphagens among red ( Haliotis rufescens) and black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii ) using in vivo 31P NMR Spectroscopy. Black abalone have greater overall resistance to PCP exposure and salinity variations as confirmed by 14C PCP uptake analysis demonstrating their slower uptake of the biocide. This study continues by examining how sublethal exposure to this biocide might effect an organisms ability to defend itself from microorganisms. Phagocytic and chemotactic function after in vivo exposure of abalone to PCP and salinity stress was examined. Black abalone demonstrate greater phagocytic ability overall as it took black abalone nearly twice as long to manifest toxic effects of PCP on phagocytic and chemotactic ability. High salinity, particularly in combination with PCP, had a dramatic effect on both species of abalone. Mechanisms employed to kill microorganisms among abalone were examined including the quantification of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). While exposure of red abalone to salinity variations plus PCP caused a stimulatory effect on ROI production the same exposure parameters caused an inhibitory effect on ROI production among black abalone. As aquatic organisms are rarely exposed to one stress at a time the research performed here has contributed to the understanding of the impacts of multiple environmental stresses.
590 $a School code: 0036.
650 4 $a Aquaculture. $3 545878
650 4 $a Fish production. $3 3688049
650 4 $a Environmental science. $3 677245
650 4 $a Oceanography. $3 535383
650 4 $a Aquatic sciences. $3 3174300
650 4 $a Biological oceanography. $3 2122748
653 $a Abalone
653 $a Haliotis cracherodii
653 $a Haliotis rufescens
653 $a Immunity
653 $a Pentachlorophenol
653 $a Phosphagens
653 $a Toxicity
690 $a 0792
690 $a 0768
690 $a 0416
710 2 $a University of California, Santa Cruz. $3 1018764
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 61-10B.
790 $a 0036
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 1999
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9951414