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Photothermal Nanoparticles to Drive Thermal Processes in Thermosets and Thermoreversible Polymers Using Light.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Photothermal Nanoparticles to Drive Thermal Processes in Thermosets and Thermoreversible Polymers Using Light./
作者:	Finale, Madeline.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2024,
面頁冊數:	86 p.
附註:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 85-07.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International85-07.
標題:	Chemical engineering. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30695815
ISBN:	9798381388060

Photothermal Nanoparticles to Drive Thermal Processes in Thermosets and Thermoreversible Polymers Using Light.
Finale, Madeline.

Photothermal Nanoparticles to Drive Thermal Processes in Thermosets and Thermoreversible Polymers Using Light. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024 - 86 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 85-07.

Thesis (M.S.)--New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 2024.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Thermoset polymers like epoxy have a vast range of applications such as in adhesives, electronics, automotives, aerospace, and household devices. Thermosets are attractive because their crosslinked network allows for greater thermal and mechanical stability in comparison to thermoplastics. However, the irreversible crosslinking in thermosets poses challenges for recycling and reprocessing. Similar to reprocessing, additive manufacturing also requires liquefying and re-solidifying of the polymer by the application of heat. However, unlike thermoplastic materials, conventional thermosets do not flow upon heating. Additionally, as the thermal conductivity of thermosets such as epoxy is low, driving heat mediated processes in thermosets via bulk heating is inefficient. The goal of this study is to overcome the above challenges by developing thermosets/photothermal nanoparticles composites that can be reversibly liquefied and solidified by light induced heating. To introduce reversibility in the network of thermosets, thermoreversible polymers have been developed using Diels-Alder chemistry, which can be reversibly liquified at higher temperatures and solidified upon cooling. Photothermal nanoparticles such as carbon black (CB) and refractory plasmonic titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs) have been incorporated into thermoreversible and thermoset epoxy. These photothermal nanoparticles can function as nanoscale heat sources that strongly absorb visible light to generate heat inside the polymer to efficiently drive the liquefaction processes. Moreover, visible light such as sunlight can be used to induce liquefaction, making the whole process more sustainable and environmentally friendly.The effect of photothermal nanoparticles on two different systems was studied. First, thermoreversible epoxy, where the epoxy formulation is modified using Diels-Alder (DA) chemistry. In this system, photothermal heat generation was investigated to determine how it can be applied to enhance retro-Diels-Alder (rDA) reactions to liquefy and reprocess reversible epoxy using sunlight. Second, photothermal nanoparticles were studied to find how they can be used to improve the liquefaction of partially cross-linked conventional thermoset powder when exposed to light. This is important for additive manufacturing such as selective laser sintering of thermoset powder to enhance layer-to-layer adhesion.The loading and the dispersion of photothermal nanoparticles such as carbon black and titanium nitride nanoparticles in epoxy is optimized to maximize their light absorption and consequently photothermal heat generation efficiency. The composites were irradiated with solar light at various intensities; their temperature profile was studied to investigate their photothermal heat generation efficiency. An optical microscopy method was developed to study the flow-like behavior under light exposure. It was found that both carbon black and titanium nitride nanomaterials can generate enough heat (~140{CB}{9A}C) to liquefy both reversible and conventional epoxy under ~7 sun intensity light. Light induced heat generation efficiency in the nanoparticles/epoxy composite was significantly better than the neat epoxy. Under sunlight, both TiN and CB nanoparticle composites exhibit similar photothermal efficiency, which was in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. A key finding was that even when the bulk temperature of neat epoxy reached the same temperature (with different intensities) as photothermal nanoparticles/epoxy composites, the liquefaction of epoxy containing photothermal nanoparticles was significantly higher. The findings from this work can help in developing improved thermoset/photothermal nanoparticles composite feedstock for applications in additive manufacturing as well as in recycling.{A0}

ISBN: 9798381388060Subjects--Topical Terms:

560457
Chemical engineering.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Diels-Alder reaction

Photothermal Nanoparticles to Drive Thermal Processes in Thermosets and Thermoreversible Polymers Using Light.
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506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Thermoset polymers like epoxy have a vast range of applications such as in adhesives, electronics, automotives, aerospace, and household devices. Thermosets are attractive because their crosslinked network allows for greater thermal and mechanical stability in comparison to thermoplastics. However, the irreversible crosslinking in thermosets poses challenges for recycling and reprocessing. Similar to reprocessing, additive manufacturing also requires liquefying and re-solidifying of the polymer by the application of heat. However, unlike thermoplastic materials, conventional thermosets do not flow upon heating. Additionally, as the thermal conductivity of thermosets such as epoxy is low, driving heat mediated processes in thermosets via bulk heating is inefficient. The goal of this study is to overcome the above challenges by developing thermosets/photothermal nanoparticles composites that can be reversibly liquefied and solidified by light induced heating. To introduce reversibility in the network of thermosets, thermoreversible polymers have been developed using Diels-Alder chemistry, which can be reversibly liquified at higher temperatures and solidified upon cooling. Photothermal nanoparticles such as carbon black (CB) and refractory plasmonic titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs) have been incorporated into thermoreversible and thermoset epoxy. These photothermal nanoparticles can function as nanoscale heat sources that strongly absorb visible light to generate heat inside the polymer to efficiently drive the liquefaction processes. Moreover, visible light such as sunlight can be used to induce liquefaction, making the whole process more sustainable and environmentally friendly.The effect of photothermal nanoparticles on two different systems was studied. First, thermoreversible epoxy, where the epoxy formulation is modified using Diels-Alder (DA) chemistry. In this system, photothermal heat generation was investigated to determine how it can be applied to enhance retro-Diels-Alder (rDA) reactions to liquefy and reprocess reversible epoxy using sunlight. Second, photothermal nanoparticles were studied to find how they can be used to improve the liquefaction of partially cross-linked conventional thermoset powder when exposed to light. This is important for additive manufacturing such as selective laser sintering of thermoset powder to enhance layer-to-layer adhesion.The loading and the dispersion of photothermal nanoparticles such as carbon black and titanium nitride nanoparticles in epoxy is optimized to maximize their light absorption and consequently photothermal heat generation efficiency. The composites were irradiated with solar light at various intensities; their temperature profile was studied to investigate their photothermal heat generation efficiency. An optical microscopy method was developed to study the flow-like behavior under light exposure. It was found that both carbon black and titanium nitride nanomaterials can generate enough heat (~140{CB}{9A}C) to liquefy both reversible and conventional epoxy under ~7 sun intensity light. Light induced heat generation efficiency in the nanoparticles/epoxy composite was significantly better than the neat epoxy. Under sunlight, both TiN and CB nanoparticle composites exhibit similar photothermal efficiency, which was in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. A key finding was that even when the bulk temperature of neat epoxy reached the same temperature (with different intensities) as photothermal nanoparticles/epoxy composites, the liquefaction of epoxy containing photothermal nanoparticles was significantly higher. The findings from this work can help in developing improved thermoset/photothermal nanoparticles composite feedstock for applications in additive manufacturing as well as in recycling.{A0}
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