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Chemical Decomposition of Flexible Polyurethane Foam to Generate a Media for Microbial Upcycling.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Chemical Decomposition of Flexible Polyurethane Foam to Generate a Media for Microbial Upcycling./
Author:	Baruah, Kaushik.
Description:	1 online resource (62 pages)
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 84-11.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International84-11.
Subject:	Chemical engineering. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30421664click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798379549282

Chemical Decomposition of Flexible Polyurethane Foam to Generate a Media for Microbial Upcycling.
Baruah, Kaushik.

Chemical Decomposition of Flexible Polyurethane Foam to Generate a Media for Microbial Upcycling. - 1 online resource (62 pages)

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 84-11.

Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan Technological University, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

Polyurethane waste is becoming a global concern as a large amount is being disposed of in landfills every year, and only a fraction is being recycled. Several polyurethane recycling techniques exist, of which ammonolysis and base-catalyzed hydrolysis is the least explored. Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) decomposition can generate amines that can act as a carbon source for the growth of microbial consortia. This study aims to generate a novel media capable of microbial upcycling via ammonolysis and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) using ammonium hydroxide and subsequently determine the reaction conditions for maximum solubilization of polyurethane foam in ammonium hydroxide. Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) samples were decomposed using 16% NH4OH at 6.25%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% weight percent solids loading for a temperature range of 140°C-200°C with 20°C intervals. Residence times of 30 minutes and 60 minutes were tested. The effectiveness of the decomposition process was determined based on the solubilization of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) in ammonium hydroxide. The solid and liquid products were analyzed using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, respectively, to determine the decomposed products. 2,4-toluenediamine (TDA) was identified as the carbon source in the liquid from the NMR spectra of the liquid product. Microbial media prepared using the liquid product and possible decomposed products in Bushnell Haas broth was inoculated with three different microbial consortia - Laura 1, Laura 2, and Emma 2 in minimal Bushnell Haas media. Optical density measurements were taken during incubation to account for microbial growth. DNA analysis of microbial pellets collected from the incubated sample before and after incubation was conducted to identify specific microbial strains that could utilize decomposed polyurethane foam liquid for growth. This work successfully achieved 95% solubilization of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) in NH4OH. 2,4-toluenediamine (TDA), the major chemical used to make 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, which is used in the manufacture of polyurethanes, was identified as a product. Two microbial species - Brevudimonas diminuta and Chelatococcus daeguensis - were comparatively enriched when consortia were grown in media containing pure TDA or FPUF liquid. However, an initial increase in microbial growth in the PUF and TDA media within the first 24 hours was quickly followed by a reduction in OD600, indicating either rapid depletion of the carbon source or generation of a toxic by-product. Future work will attempt to isolate the organisms that may be responsible for TDA metabolism and develop a method to quantify the amount of TDA in the liquid FPUF product.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798379549282Subjects--Topical Terms:

560457
Chemical engineering.
Subjects--Index Terms:

AmmonolysisIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Chemical Decomposition of Flexible Polyurethane Foam to Generate a Media for Microbial Upcycling.
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500 $a Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 84-11.
500 $a Advisor: Ong, Rebecca.
502 $a Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan Technological University, 2023.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Polyurethane waste is becoming a global concern as a large amount is being disposed of in landfills every year, and only a fraction is being recycled. Several polyurethane recycling techniques exist, of which ammonolysis and base-catalyzed hydrolysis is the least explored. Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) decomposition can generate amines that can act as a carbon source for the growth of microbial consortia. This study aims to generate a novel media capable of microbial upcycling via ammonolysis and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) using ammonium hydroxide and subsequently determine the reaction conditions for maximum solubilization of polyurethane foam in ammonium hydroxide. Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) samples were decomposed using 16% NH4OH at 6.25%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% weight percent solids loading for a temperature range of 140°C-200°C with 20°C intervals. Residence times of 30 minutes and 60 minutes were tested. The effectiveness of the decomposition process was determined based on the solubilization of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) in ammonium hydroxide. The solid and liquid products were analyzed using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, respectively, to determine the decomposed products. 2,4-toluenediamine (TDA) was identified as the carbon source in the liquid from the NMR spectra of the liquid product. Microbial media prepared using the liquid product and possible decomposed products in Bushnell Haas broth was inoculated with three different microbial consortia - Laura 1, Laura 2, and Emma 2 in minimal Bushnell Haas media. Optical density measurements were taken during incubation to account for microbial growth. DNA analysis of microbial pellets collected from the incubated sample before and after incubation was conducted to identify specific microbial strains that could utilize decomposed polyurethane foam liquid for growth. This work successfully achieved 95% solubilization of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) in NH4OH. 2,4-toluenediamine (TDA), the major chemical used to make 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, which is used in the manufacture of polyurethanes, was identified as a product. Two microbial species - Brevudimonas diminuta and Chelatococcus daeguensis - were comparatively enriched when consortia were grown in media containing pure TDA or FPUF liquid. However, an initial increase in microbial growth in the PUF and TDA media within the first 24 hours was quickly followed by a reduction in OD600, indicating either rapid depletion of the carbon source or generation of a toxic by-product. Future work will attempt to isolate the organisms that may be responsible for TDA metabolism and develop a method to quantify the amount of TDA in the liquid FPUF product.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2023
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Chemical engineering. $3 560457
650 4 $a Chemistry. $3 516420
650 4 $a Bioengineering. $3 657580
650 4 $a Biology. $3 522710
653 $a Ammonolysis
653 $a Base catalyzed hydrolysis
653 $a DNA analysis
653 $a Flexible polyurethane foam
653 $a Microbial upcycling
653 $a Thermogravimetric analysis
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710 2 $a ProQuest Information and Learning Co. $3 783688
710 2 $a Michigan Technological University. $b Chemical Engineering. $3 1682829
773 0 $t Masters Abstracts International $g 84-11.
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30421664 $z click for full text (PQDT)